2021届高考英语一轮复习语法专题：并列句和状语从句学案

高考英语一轮复习语法专题：并列句和状语从句学案

考点一 并列连词与并列句

连词常分为并列连词(也叫等位连词)和从属连词两大类。

并列句是由两个或两个以上简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。并列连词之前可用也可不用逗号。

1．并列连词归纳 属性 连接词 and, not only ... but (also), neither ... , nor ... , both ... and or, either ... or ..., 典型例句 Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night. 他们的车在半路上出了故障，他们不得不在一个小旅社过夜。 Either you are mad, or I am. 并列 关系 选择 关系 转折 关系 因果 关系 otherwise, or else, not ... but 要么你疯了，要么我疯了。 but, yet, still, however, while, whereas Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming. 玛丽是个好女孩，但她有一个缺点。 Someone is coming, for the dog is barking. 有人来了，因为狗叫了。 for, so, therefore 2．使用时要特别注意其特性

(1)and, not only ... but (also) ..., neither ... nor ... 等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。

①One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry. 有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。

②Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it.

不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。 (2)or, either ... or ... 连接并列句表示选择意义。

③The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择) 孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。

④The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法)

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工人们非常高兴，或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。

⑤Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件) 小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。 3．注意事项

(1)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型

该句型中的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示结果。and表示前后句意思的顺延，or表示前后句意思的转折。

①Go straight on, and you'll see a church. 一直向前走，你就会看到一座教堂。

②Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems. 在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑，要不然会出问题的。 具体运用中，该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。

③One more minute, and we can finish the job much better. 再给一分钟，我们会把工作做得更好。 (2)but/while/however的区别

but表示意义的转折；while既表示转折又表示对比；however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。

④Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.

邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。

⑤There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails.

为什么一个人会作出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明但是失败了，这不得而知。(表示两种情况的对比)

(3)并列连词when的用法

when可作并列连词，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。 be about to do ... when ... ??be doing ... when ...

?be on the point of doing ... when ... ??had just done ... when ...

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⑥Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。

⑦One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.

一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。

⑧He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。

(4)表示因果关系的并列连词(含连接副词)for, so, thus, therefore等的用法 ⑨We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport. 我们必须早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。 ⑩The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk. 商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。

[注意] for引出的分句只能后置，并用逗号与前面的句子隔开；它主要用来表示推测性的原因，或附带解释说明前一分句的情况。so用于连接两个句子，第一个叙述原因，第二个表示结果，且because不能与so连用。

即时练1 单句语法填空

①Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, to participate fully in society.

②Men talk about killing time time quietly kills them.

③The court heard that neither Daly Miss Hicks, 22, was wearing seat belts at the time of the collision that happened on November 17, 2011.

④Whether I was in the car, the house, anywhere else there was sure to be some Beatles, or Buddy Holly constantly playing in the background.

⑤Remember, a winner is not one who never fails, one who never quits! ⑥Henry is very smart, many of his classmates like him. 考点二 从属连词和状语从句 一、时间状语从句

1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 (1)when 表示“当……时；在……期间”。

①When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。

(2)while 表示“在……期间”，从句中常用延续性动词。 ②Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。 (3)as表示“一边……一边……，随着……”。

③As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。 [注意]

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如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在

进行的动作时，when/while/as 可以互换使用。

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