Sarah Not at all. While a child is doing an activity we observe them. Then we work with the child for a short
time and then leave them to work on their own.
Interviewer That sounds excellent. And what about your equipment? It's often made of wood, isn't it? Sarah Yes, and a piece of equipment is often designed for one activity only.
Claudia Right. It's so that the child can see if they're getting something right or wrong. Interviewer So they don't need the teacher so much\
Sarah That's right. Another Montessori principle is the importance of physical activity. Children learn by
doing, so when they're learning to read, for example, the letters are made of sandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.
Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?
Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn't understand how important it is for children to use their
imagination. If she was alive today, she would recognize that. But still, the fact is, her methods are very successful.
Unit 4 Person to person Listening in Passage 1
John Are you packed? Mike Yup. Everything's there. John Sure you've packed your mobile? Mike I'll look again, John ... yes.
John Well, we've got another ten minutes before we need to leave, so we might as well relax. You know
someone told me an amazing story yesterday about these Australians who got completely lost in some national park.
Mike And don't tell me, they used their mobile to get help? John That's right! Mike So what happened?
John Well, it was this guy with his son and niece -I think she was about 14 - and they were hiking in this
really rugged country and they got completely lost - no idea where they were at all. Mike That's not going to happen to us.
John No, it isn't. Anyway, the guy had his mobile and he phoned the emergency services — it wasn't dark
yet - and they sent out a search party, but they couldn't find them. And then -this is the interesting bit - the guy sent photos of the place where they were. Mike I'd have thought of that.
John Yes, well it's pretty obvious, really. And in the photos there were mountains in the background, and
the staff at the emergency service centre were able to identify exactly which mountains they were. And they used the photos to pinpoint their location, you know, to get the exact location. Mike How did they do that? John They used mapping software. Mike Right.
John Anyway, by then it had got dark and really freezing. So they slept behind this ridge and covered
themselves with leaves. And you know what the young girl said afterwards? She said, \was quite fun.\
Mike Really, wasn't she frightened?
John I don't think so.
Mike So - is there a happy ending?
John Yes, well they sent out helicopters as soon as it was daylight and the helicopter hovered over the area,
and the man kept talking to them till they were able to pinpoint his location. And when they finally found them they were only 400 metres away from where they'd expected them to be. Mike Amazing!
John And that's because they'd moved 400 metres away from where they'd taken their photos because the
ground was too rough to sleep on. Mike Incredible!
John And the moral of the story is-
Mike Always take your mobile phone with you when you go hiking. John And take one that has a camera. Mike Hey, I think we should go, John.
John Yes, OK. You think we're going to get lost? Mike No chance, mate! Passage2
Social networking - it's the 21st century way of having fun - online. And if you're under 40, you probably use a social networking site - maybe when you should be working. It's well-known that -. office workers spend up to two hours a day on a site, exchanging messages and photos. And do students ever do anything else? Different social networking sites are used by different age groups.
For people in their 20s, the most popular site is Facebook, the online phenomenon started by an American student in 2004. It's taken only four years to make Facebook a huge success - and the website's made its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, a very rich man indeed.
What's extraordinary about Zuckerburg is that he started Facebook when he was only 18. He was a student at Harvard, one of America's top universities, when he launched the Facebook website, working from his college room. In only two weeks, more than two-thirds of his college had signed up and in a year, thousands of colleges were using it. Today, Facebook has millions of users. More than half of them visit the site at least once a day.
So what makes Facebook so special? Like other networking sites, you create a profile with photos, you list your interests, you exchange messages and join groups of friends. But where Facebook is different is that it gives you a privacy that you just don't get on other sites. Unlike other sites, you have a lot of control over what users can see about you. As a result, one-third of Facebook users give out their mobile numbers - they know it's safe to do so.
But you still need to be careful about what you think is safe to show people. One reason is that more and more employers are using Facebook to check out potential employees. Is the person you've just interviewed as good as he seems? Facebook can provide the answer. If a 26-year-old man says on Facebook that he's been travelling round the world for the last three years, and in his interview he said he'd been working in an office - well, he probably won't get the job.
Unit 5 All you need is love Listening in Passage 1
Interviewer So - tell us about how you first met. Amy How we first met... Oh, it wasn't very romantic. David I thought it was very romantic.
Interviewer Why don't you begin at the beginning?
Amy Good idea. Well, I was 22 and I'd just left uni and I went on holiday to the French Alps with a
girlfriend. And someone invited us to go climbing. But my friend got ill so I went without her. There was this group of about eight guys and two girls. David There were four girls.
Amy Alright! Well, anyway, no one had told me that the mountain we were going to climb was - vertical - and that we were climbing with ropes! I was terrified, absolutely terrified, I just really hadn't expected it.
David She was terrified! I noticed her immediately. She looked so scared -she was wearing this great hat —
but she was white as a sheet.
Amy Oh, I don't know about that, but I remember I was shaking all over. David came over and started
talking to me and telling me how safe it was with the ropes. And he was so sweet, you know I think I fell in love with him right then.
David Yeah, it was the same with me ... We roped up and I made sure I stayed next to her ... I kept talking
to her and encouraging her.
Amy It really helped. I think I would have fallen off the mountain if you hadn't done that.
David Rubbish! You were perfectly safe. Anyway, we got to the summit — it was a kind of flat area - and
Amy just collapsed - she couldn't stand up!
Amy It's true, I couldn't. I felt -1 was just - everyone ignored me except David - everyone. David Quite a few people came to talk to you. Amy They didn't! David They did!
Amy Well, you talked to me, and that's all that mattered. David Thank you! Amy So -
David So we climbed back down the mountain. Amy which was just as bad -
David and we headed for the nearest village and we both had huge pizzas. Amy I didn't eat a thing! I was still feeling too sick. David You did, you know.
Amy You know, you have a terrible memory sometimes.
David So do you! ... To cut a long story short, we got married six months later and went on a three-week
honeymoon to Barbados. Amy Two weeks!
David And we've lived happily ever after. Passage2
Presenter And now let's move on to online dating, a way of meeting a potential partner that's becoming
more and more popular. James O'Hanlan and Claire Goodall are two online dating experts who are going to give all you listeners advice about how to use online dating safely and successfully. James ... James OK. The first thing to say is, don't be nervous. A lot of people are and it's very understandable. But
there's no need to be, provided you follow the rules, which we're going to tell you right now. Isn't that right, Claire? Claire Absolutely.
James So, let's begin at the beginning. When you join an online dating site, the first thing you do is give
some basic information about yourself. Now, don't be tempted to lie - about your age, for example. If you want a good relationship, you need to be honest. If you're not, you'll get found out and that could be painful.
Claire Another thing - it's a good idea to use a photo, you'll get many more replies than if you don't. James But use a recent photo, not one that was taken ten years ago!
Claire Let's move on to the next stage. You've had some responses响应 and chosen one or two people you'd
like to chat with. Now, the most important advice here is, don't give out any personal information until you're 100 per cent sure you're that happy to do so. That includes your real name, your phone numbers, your workplace address and your email address. Use the email facility设备 at the website and only give out your email address when you feel completely safe.
James And email for as long as you want, it's a great way of getting to know a person. Then, the next stage
is to talk on the phone. Now that's very revealing, because you'll hear the person's voice, and also because people have to be spontaneous on the phone - they can't think about what they're going to say for half a day, unlike emails.
Claire Then, if you're feeling really comfortable, agree to meet. But always choose a public place. Don't go
to someone's home.
James A cafe or bar is the best choice.
Claire And don't forget to tell a friend where you're going and what time you expect to be back. That's
important.
James Another good idea is to ask the same friend to call you during the meeting so that if you want to leave
quickly you can say that something urgent's come up and you have to go.
Claire That's everything! If you follow this advice you should be perfectly safe. And you may find the man - James ... or woman — Claire ... of your dreams! James & Claire Happy hunting!
Unit 6 Shop fill you drop! Listening in Passage 1 Speaker 1］
Interviewer So, how are you enjoying yourself in St Petersburg? What's it like? Speaker 1 Oh, I think it is a very beautiful place.
Interviewer What sort of... Is it good for shopping? What do you buy in St Petersburg?
Speaker 1 Yes, there are things you should buy. Of course, vodka is very good here and the other thing very
expensive is the caviar. It is beautiful. Then there are the dolls. What have do they say? Matrioshka dolls.
Interviewer Matrioshka dolls. Those wooden dolls that go inside each other?
Speaker 1 Yes, you take one out and open the top and there is another one. You take off the top and there is
another. They get very very small inside. Very small.
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