论文题目：交通同步流识别的几种典
型方法
作者姓名：邓秀佳 学号：0812110114 指导老师姓名：薛郁（教授）
专业：物理学
摘要
交通流理论作为一门新兴的交叉性学科，由于其在解决实际交通问题上的作用，近年来受到了科学家和工程师的广泛关注。研究交通流的目的是为了建立交通模型和交通流理论，揭示交通流的内部规律并且能够指导实际交通决策。同时作为一门非线性科学，可以促进非线性科学的发展，对同步流的研究，可以缓解交通压力，降低能耗，不仅具有实际应用价值，也具有深远的科学价值。
当前的主流的交通理论分为两个大类: 基本图方法和三相交通流理论。基本图方法是一类传统的方法，它把车辆的密度和流量图发展成为一门系统的理论，将交通流分为自由流和拥挤状态，而三相交通流理论，进一步将拥挤流划分为同步流和宽运动阻塞，交通同步流常出现在交通流瓶颈处，与实际观测结果符合。三相交通流理论对实际交通的认识具有理论的指导意义。因此近年来，三相交通流理论受到学者广泛的认同和重视。
要模拟交通流，除了具有理论基础以外，还需要有计算机进行模拟。随着计算机硬件水平的发展，以元胞自动机为模型的交通流理论得到迅速的发展。由于其结构简单，规则清晰。且十分容易在计算机上得以实现，随着检测技术和数据处理技术的发展，同步流的研究在未来必将取得重大进展。本文是在元胞自动机的基础之上，对交通同步流识别的方法基本图法、协相关系数法和DFA方法进行归纳和总结，比较并探索各个方法的特点，进一步认识交通流同步流特性，为实际交通问题提供理论依据。
关键词：交通流 元胞自动机 三相交通流理论 基本图 同步流
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Abstract
As a rising interdisciplinary field, traffic flow has aroused wide concerns from
scientists and engineers in recent years due to solve practical problems in traffic. The research purpose of traffic flow is to establish traffic models and theory, explore its internal laws and guide the decision-making in transportation. Also as a nonlinear science, theory of traffic flow can facilitate the development of nonlinear science. The study of synchronized flow can relieve pressure of the traffic congestion and lower the energy consumption. It not only has some practical values but also shows far-reaching scientific value.
Currently, the mainstream of traffic theory is divided into two types: Fundamental Diagram Approach and Three-phase Traffic Theory. Fundamental Diagram Approach is a traditional method, which transforms traffic density and flow diagram into a systematical theory and separates traffic flow into free flow and congestion state. While congested flow in Three-phase Traffic Theory is further divided into synchronized flow and wide moving jams. The synchronized flow occurs at the bottleneck of traffic flow, which is consistent with the observed results. Three-phase Traffic Theory provided with more practical guiding significance to understand real traffic. Therefore, Three-phase Traffic theory has been gained wider identification and higher recognition of scholars in recent years.
In addition to base on theoretical basis, computer simulation is essential to simulate traffic flow. With the progress of computer hardware, traffic theory with cellular automaton as accomplished a rapid development. Due to its simple structure, clear rules and easiness to be simulated by computer, With the development of detection technology and data processing technology, the study of synchronized flow will achieve a significant progress in the future. In this thesis, we summarize three approaches: Fundamental Diagram Approach, Cross-correlation coefficient Approach and DFA Approach to identify the traffic synchronized on the basis of cellular automaton, compare and discuss the features of each approach and provide the theory basis for real traffic problems.
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Keywords: Traffic flow; cellular automata; three-phase traffic theory; Fundamental Diagram ; synchronized flow
目录
第一章 元胞自动机及其应用?????????????????????1
1.1元胞自动机 ????????????????????????1 1.2 单车道的元胞自动机的模型?????????????????2 1.3 实际交通中的问题?????????????????????4 第二章 各类模型介绍及基本图法???????????????????6
2.1车辆慢启动模型 ??????????????????????6 2.2 速度效应模型???????????????????????7 2.3 舒适驾驶模型???????????????????????7 2.4 姜锐等人的改进模型????????????????????9 第三章 协相关系数法???????????????????????13
3.1 NS模型的细化 ??????????????????????13 3.2周期性边界条件下的模拟结果????????????????14 3.3 协相关系数????????????????????????16 第四章 使用时间序列分析判断同步流 ????????????????19 4.1 DFA算法介绍 ??????????????????????19 4.2 KKW模型?????????????????????????20 4.3 模拟得到的结果和分析???????????????????22 第五章 结论和展望 ????????????????????????26 5.1 本文的工作总结??????????????????????26 5.2 未来工作展望???????????????????????26 参考文献?????????????????????????????28 致谢???????????????????????????????30
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