星光美语Xingguang English Training Centre
高 一 英 语
(必修三)
Module 1 Europe
一、单词
across 横过;穿过 boot 长统靴;皮靴 continental 大陆的;大洲的 face 面向;面对 range山脉 landmark 标志性建筑 gallery 美术馆;画廊 situated坐落(某处)的 symbol象征;符号 located位于 architect 建筑师 project 计划;项目;工程 sculpture 雕刻;泥塑 birthplace 发源地 civilization文明 ancient 古代的 opposite 在??对面 sign 签署 agreement 协议;契约 whereabouts 在哪里 govern 统治;治理 head领袖;领导人 representative 代表 parliament 国会;议会 region 地区;区域 geographical 地理的 feature 特点 produce 产品;农产品 二、短语
1、look like 看上去像,看起来像 2、more than 多于,不仅仅 3、be famous for 因?而著名 4、work on 从事,进行 5、from...until? 从?到? 6、because of 因为,由于 7、last for 延续,持续 8、all the time 总是,永远是 9、be known as 以?闻名 10、ever since 自此 11、next to 靠近,挨着 12、refer to 指?查阅 13、in terms of 谈到,从?方面 14、compare with 与?比较 15、have control over 对?加以控制 16、little by little 逐渐地 17、on the other hand 另一方面,反过来说
18、on the coast在海岸线上 19、off the coast 在海岸线附近 20、at the moment 此刻
21、be located\\situated in\\on\\to? 位于 22、have ?in common with 与?有共同之处
23、sign an agreement 签署协议 24、in different ways 以不同的方式 25、range from?to? 从?到?的变化 26、be covered with/by 被覆盖着 三、重点句型
1、Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.
巴黎是法国的首都,也是法国最大的城市,坐落在塞纳河畔。
Situated on the River Seine是过去分词作定语,修饰Paris。本句中on the River Seine的意思为“在塞纳河边”。
2、The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower ,the famous symbol of Paris.
最受游客欢迎的旅游景点是埃菲尔铁塔,它是巴黎著名的象征。
3、The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatre. 这个城市也以餐馆,咖啡馆和剧院而闻名。
Be famous for 以?而闻名,相当于be well known for.
4、Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. 高迪从1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世。
Work on sth. 从事某事,相当于spend time\\energy on sth.
5、During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence.
在文艺复兴时期,历史上一些最伟大的画家在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。 Of all time 有史以来
6、Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.
雅典是希腊的首都,作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名于世。
Be known as 作为?而闻名,比较:be known for 以?而闻名。如: 1) Suzhou is known for its gardens with ancient architecture.
苏州以其具有古典建筑的园林而闻名。
2) Suzhou is known as a city with a long history.
苏州因历史悠久而闻名。
7、Their work has influenced other writers ever since. 他们的作品影响了后世的作家。 Ever since 自从那时起 四、重点语法 1、被动语态。
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
一般现在/过去时的被动语态
一般现在或过去时用be done, be有人称、时态和数的变化。
例:1、主动:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动:People regard him as brilliant. 被动:He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用“be done”的例子,be有人称、时、数变,第三人称“foreign friends”是复数,时态一般过去时,所以“be done”就是“were given”,而“People regard him as brilliant”一句,被动后的“be done”就变成单数第三人称“is regarded”的形式了。 被动:
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (“was delivered”即一般过去时的被动态)
这篇讲演是王的发言。 There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生非常严重列车事故,两人死亡,十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活跃的,沉睡着的,或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了,然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。(别人认为他很聪明但不诚实)
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents. 家庭被拆散,妻儿被夺走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for
preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在,是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。 2、主谓一致
一个句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与主语必须一致。(集合名词、代词作主语时与谓语动词一致的情况)。
1、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child 2、就近一致原则
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either ?? or, neither ?? nor, whether ??
or ??, not only ?? but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。
Module 2 Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary
一、单词
hunger饥饿 income收入 poverty贫穷 human(与动物等对比的)人 development 发展 index指数 measure 测定;评估 goal目标 expectancy (根据概率得出的)预期数额 position位置 educate教育;培养;训练 figure数字 household 一家人;家庭 homeless无家可归的 charity慈善团体
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