六层电梯的PLC控制系统设计 - 毕业论文

学士学位论文

毕业设计论文

六层电梯的PLC控制系统设计

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学士学位论文

摘 要

本文介绍一种电梯PLC控制系统。电梯是垂直方向的运输设备，是高层建筑中不可缺少的交通运输设备,在人们生活中起着举足轻重的作用。它靠电力拖动一个可以载人或物的轿厢，在建筑物的井道内导轨上做垂直升降运动，要求达到电梯运行的“稳、准、快”的运行。本系统主要由PLC、变频器、交流异步电动机、继电器、行程开关、按钮和发光指示器组成，采用以西门子公司的可编程控制器S7-200对电梯模型进行全过程控制。

如今电梯已成为人们进出高层建筑不可或缺的工具，而采用 PLC与变频器组成的变频调速电梯具有很好的控制效果，整个系统通过PLC、变频器对电梯的升降、加减速、平层、起动制动进行控制,其结构简单、运行效率高、平层准确。

关键词:PLC控制系统；电梯模型；旋转编码器；变频器

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学士学位论文

Abstract

This text introduces the control system of a kind of elevator PLC.The elevator is perpendicular directional of the conveyance equipments be indispensable in the high building of transportation equipments,there is prominent function in the people's life.It depends electric power, dragging along to move a car that can carry persons or things and lead a track in the building of the well way up do perpendicularity to ascend and descend sport, Request to attain the movement purpose of \composed of PLC, frequency converter ,asynchronous motor,relays,trip switch,button,and a light indicator, It controls the whole process on the elevator by the programmable controller S7-200 of SIEMENS company.

Now the elevator has become indispensable tool by which people go in and out the high-rise building，VVVF elevator composed by PLC and the transducer have good control effect,The entire system controls the elevator lift, acceleration and deceleration, leveling, start braking through the PLC and inverter. The system has simple structure, high efficiency, accurate leveling.

Key Words:The PLC controls system ;Elevator model;Rotary encoder;Electric circuit transducer

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学士学位论文

目 录

1 绪论 ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1电梯的概述 ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1电梯的分类 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2电梯的组成 ......................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3电梯的工作原理 ................................................................................................. 2 1.2 PLC控制电梯的优势 ................................................................................................... 3 1.3电梯的发展趋势 ........................................................................................................... 4 2 总体设计方案 ........................................................................................................................ 5

2.1 THBCDT-2型多层电梯实验模型 ............................................................................... 5

2.1.1 概述 .................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 技术性能 ............................................................................................................ 6 2.1.3 操作、使用说明 ................................................................................................ 6 2.2 控制要求 ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 电梯模型控制系统构成 .............................................................................................. 7 3 硬件系统的组成 .................................................................................................................. 9

3.1 可编程控制器简介 .................................................................................................... 9

3.1.1 PLC的结构及各部分的作用 ............................................................................. 9 3.1.2 PLC的工作原理 ............................................................................................... 11 3.1.3 PLC的程序编制 ............................................................................................... 11 3.1.4 PLC的输出方式 ............................................................................................... 13 3.2 PLC型号选择 .......................................................................................................... 14 3.3 变频器的概述 .......................................................................................................... 15

3.3.1 变频器的选择 .................................................................................................. 15 3.3.2 变频器的控制方式 .......................................................................................... 17 3.3.3 变频器调速原理 .............................................................................................. 17 3.4 旋转编码器的测速原理 ............................................................................................ 18 3.5 系统安全设计 ............................................................................................................ 19 3.6 硬件外部接线图 ........................................................................................................ 21 4 软件设计 .............................................................................................................................. 23

4.1 流程图 ........................................................................................................................ 23 4.2 输入/输出（I/O）分配表 .......................................................................................... 24 4.3 电梯的运行流程 ........................................................................................................ 25 4.4电梯的控制要求 ......................................................................................................... 25 4.5 控制程序设计 ............................................................................................................ 26

4.5.1 开门、关门控制程序 ...................................................................................... 26 4.5.2 呼梯信号的锁定与清除程序 .......................................................................... 30 4.5.3 平层判断控制程序 .......................................................................................... 32 4.5.4 电梯上下行指示 .............................................................................................. 33

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