八年级英语下册单元知识点总结
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
一、重点单词和短语表达
1. about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size ; 1025meters deep= 1025 meters in depth
in size = have /has an area of...（面积）大小 基数词 + 单位名词+ 形容词（long,wide,tall, deep等）
=基数词+ 单位名词+ in + 名词（length; width; height; depth等）
数字+ 量词（单位）+形容词（long/ wide/ tall/ deep等); 长、宽、高、深还可用复合形容词表示 各个词间用连字符连接，常作前置定语修饰名词。
Adj--- N : wide---width deep---depth long---length high---height two meters long = two meters in length 2米长 three feet high = two feet in height. 3英尺高
Jeremy is a 1.91-meter-tall- basketball player.
2. geography n地理---adj: geographical
3. higher than any other mountain 比其他任何一座山高
any other 其他任何一个 ,后接可数名词单数，在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物 通常用于比较级，多用于同一范围内相比较。
any other +可数名词单数=the other + 可数名词复，也可用最高级形式表达。 Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class. (any other + 可数名词单数）
=Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class. (the other + 名词复数） = Lucy is the most careful student in her class.
4. the population of China中国的人口 one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一 (1) population做主语且强度整体人口时，谓语动词一般用单数， The population is increasing faster and faster.
(2) 当主语时“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 Three quarters of the population are workers. (3) 表示人口的多或少时, 用large或small
The population of China is very large. 中国人口众多 (4) 询问某国、某地有多少人口时, 用How large...?
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How large is the population of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口?
(5) What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少? 提问有多少人口句型 (6) 表示某地有多少人口时，用 … has a population of … 句型 5. salt lake 盐湖 the second longest river in the world 世界第二长河
6. at birth在出生的时候（用作时间状语） give birth ( to sb/ sth) 生孩子；产仔 be born with...与生俱来
7. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事 be happy to do sth 做某事很开心
8. tour n 旅行 → tourist n 旅游者→ touristy adj. 游客很多的. tour guide 导游
观光游玩用tour ，长途陆路用journey， 短途短期用trip，travel 用法最普遍，特别用于指游记 travel tour trip journey
9. as far as I know 据我所知 as you can see 正如你所看见的,…
mountain climbing/ climbing mountains登山运动 another 200 or so还有大约200左右 one of the world’s most dangerous sports 最危险的运动之一 one of the most popular places 最受欢迎的地方之一 10. protect … against /from…保护…免于…的伤害
--- n: protection ----adj: protective 防护的；关切保护的；保护贸易的 ---n:protectionism 保护主义，贸易保护主义
11.include v 包括 → including prep 包括（放在被包括的对象之前） ①I have many pen pals including Lucy.
②All the people must take part in the activities,including the monitors and the teachers.
一般指长途旅行，到国外或远方旅行。travel 还可作动词 旅行，周游，观光.一般团队都是tour 一般指短距离旅行，直达目的地的旅行 有时并不指真正意义的旅行， 而只是表示走过一段距离。
12.run along 绵延，横亘… of all 在所有...中
13.cover vt. 包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走（一段路程）；掩护；翻唱
n. 封面，封皮；盖子；掩蔽物;幌子，借口 vi. 覆盖；代替；敷衍；给…投保；
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cover sth in/ with 覆盖，撒上，遮盖 cover for 代替，掩护，遮掩 cover an area of 占地面积，占地多少
例：Much of the country is covered by forest. 森林覆盖着这个国家的大片土地。
By sunset we had covered thirty miles. 到日落时我们已走了三十英里。
I'm covering for Jane while she's on leave. 简休假期间我顶替她工作。Cover me while I move forward. 掩护我前进。 The cover of the dictionary has been torn off. 词典的封面已经被撕掉了。
14.freeze v --- freezing adj. 冻冰的；结冰的--- frozen adj. 冻结的，被冰覆盖的 Today it is freezing cold. I don’t like frozen food.
15. condition 条件；状况 out of condition 不健康，身体不好 in good condition 情况良好；完好 16. take in ... 呼吸，吸入 take in air= breathe
take after（外貌）相像 take away 拿开 take down 写下，记下 take in吸收，吸纳 take off 起飞；脱下take it easy 别紧张 take to 喜欢，开始从事 take pictures照相 17.succeed v 成功，达到→success n 成功→successful adj. 成功的→successfully adv成功地 succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事--- fail to do sth 失败
18. risk n/v 冒险： risk one’s life to do sth 某人舍命做某事 take risks 冒险
There is a risk of sth/ doing sth 有（做）某事的危险 risk their lives冒着他们的生命危险 19.challenge v/n 挑战 face a challenge 面临挑战 challenge oneself 挑战自我 (1)challenge sb. to sth向某人挑战 He challenged me to a race.他向我挑战赛跑。 (2)challenge sb. to do sth 向某人挑战……
20.in the face of 面对（问题、困难等） in the face of difficulties面临困难 21.achieve v 获得；达到； 实现--- achievement n 完成； 成绩 achieve one’s dream = make one’s dream come true实现某人的梦想
22.force ：n 力量；the forces of ….的力量 v. 迫使；强迫force sb. to do sth 强迫某人做某事 23.nature 不可数名词 自然界；大自然--- natural adj. 自然地 in nature 在自然界中 the forces of nature 自然界的力量 24. reach the top到达顶峰 even though虽然;尽管 25.weigh v称……的重量; 重量是...--- weight n 重量 26. time
(1) 是......的几倍 主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +被比较的内容
Our new school is four times as big as the old one.
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(2) 次数;倍数： 一次 once 两次 twice 三次及三次以上 ：基数词 + times three or four times 三到四次 many times 很多倍 last time (在)上次……时 every time 每次/每回… each time 每当……时 the first time 第一次 next time 下次 sometime某时(未来) some time 一段时间 sometimes有时，偶尔 some times 几次 (3) It’s time for sth . 或 It’s time ( for sb . ) to do sth . 该是……的时候了 27. up to +数量词 达到（某数量、程度等）；至多
I can take up to four people in my car. Up to now, Tony has been very quiet. 直到 （现在） be up to sb. 由某人决定 Shall we go out or stay in ? It’s up to you.
28.prepare…for… 为...准备… prepare to do sth.准备做.... prepare for sth.为......做准备
Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.
They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他们正准备过河，突然下雨了。 The students are busy preparing for the final exam.学生们正在准备期末考试
29. be awake 醒着 awake adj. 醒来----asleep 睡着的 v唤醒；使醒来 = wake up 30. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
run over 撞倒；跑过去 run after 追逐,追求 run away from 从……跑掉;逃避 run out (某物)被用完 run out of 用完(某物) run into 无意间碰到,和……相撞 be excited about 对……感到激动 to one’s excitement 使某人兴奋的是 31. walk into sb.撞到某人
32.fall down 跌倒强调的是滑倒、倒下，后接宾语时应加上介词from The book fell down from the table to the floor.
fall over 落在...之上, 脸朝下跌倒 fall off 下降, 跌落 fall over“向前摔倒、跌倒” 32. die v.死,表示生命的结束 → death n. 死，死亡→dead adj.死的→ dying adj. 将死的 die from + 外因 死于……，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。 die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故 die from a car accident 死于一场车祸 die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因
die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死 His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992. die out（家族、物种等）灭绝；绝迹
Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龙在六千五百万年前灭绝了
33. take care of 照顾;照料 = look after every two years 每两年
34. cut down the forests 砍伐林木 endangered animals 濒危动物 be in danger 处于危险之中
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