TRUE/FALSE
T 1．Management is often considered universal because it uses organizational resources to accomplish goals and attain high performance in all types of profit and not-for-profit organizations.
T 2．Leadership involves the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve the organization's goals.
F 3．Organising means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to attain them.
F 4. Efficiency refers to the degree to which the organization achieves a stated objective.
F 5. The manager's ability to ‘think strategically' requires high technical skills and a proficiency in specific tasks within an organization.
F 6. First-line managers are the managers who have the responsibility for making the significant strategic policy decisions, often with staff managers assisting them in these decisions.
T 1. The learning organization is an attitude or philosophy（哲学）about what an organization can become.
F 2. The essential idea in a learning organization is efficiency.
F 3. As a manager, Lou prefers to think in terms of ‘control over' rather than ‘control with' others. This is in agreement with the idea of a learning organization.
T 4. Empowerment means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge, and skills to make decisions and perform effectively.
F 5. Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor, provide two opposing（相反的） views of workers: Theory X recognises that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognises（承认）that workers will avoid work whenever possible.
F 1、The study of management traditionally has focused on factors external to the organizations.
T 2、The general environment and the task environment are the two layers of an organization's external environment.
F 3、Customers and competitors are two important sectors of the economic dimension（次元）of a firm's general environment.
F 4. Other organizations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customers are referred to as suppliers. F 5. The internal environment within which managers work includes corporate culture, sociocultural aspects and customers. （公司的）．
T 1、Found between the domains（领域）of law and free choice, ethics（道德规范）is the code of moral principles that governs any individual or group.
T 2、Most ethical dilemmas（困境）involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole.
F 3. The four approaches that guide ethical decision making are utilitarian（功力的）,
individualism, moral-rights and objective dualism（双重论）.
F 4. Free choice lies between the domains of codified law and ethics. F 5. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the individualism approach.
F 6. Culture is the only aspect of an organization that influences ethics. T 7. All stockholders of an organization are its stakeholders, but not all stakeholders are its stockholders.
F 1、Of the four management functions, organizing is the most fundamental（根本的）, as everything practical（实际的）stems（血统）from careful organization. T 2. A desired future state that the individual or organization attempts to realize is a goal.
F 3. Plans specify（列举）future ends; goals specify today's means.
F 4. The act of determining the organization's goals and the means for achieving them is called goal setting.
T 5. Goals and plans are valuable to an organization because they provide
legitimacy（合法）, rationale（基本原理）for decisions and an increase in motivation（积极性）and commitment（承诺）.
T 6. An organization's mission describes its reason for existence.
T 7. Mission statements often reveal（显示）the company's philosophy as well as purpose.
T 8. Strategic plans and goals are those that focus on where the organization wants to be in the future and pertain（属于）to the organization as a whole.
F 9. Reviewing progress is the most difficult step in an MBO process.
T 10. Long-term planning includes strategic goals for the overall organization. F 1、By far the most difficult decision situation is uncertainty. T 2、A choice made from available alternatives is called a decision。
F 3、The classical decision making model assumes that the decision-maker is rational, and makes the optimal decision each time.
F 4、Decision-making must not be done amid ever-changing factors, unclear information and conflicting points of view.
F 5、According to the Vroom-Jago Model, leaders should be concerned with decision characteristics like a commitment requirement, problem structure and subordinate conflict.
T 1. Organizational structure refers to the framework in which the organization defines the way tasks are divided, resources are deployed and departments are coordinated.
T 2. Authority is the right to use resources, make decisions and issue orders in an organization.
F 3. Given the challenges to meet customer needs and adapt to the environment, most organizations today discourage managers to delegate authority to the lower levels.
T 4. The number of employees reporting to a supervisor is his or her span of management.
T 5. An advantage of vertical functional structure is its quick response to external changes.
T 1、The set of activities that are undertaken to attract, develop and maintain an effective work force is referred to as human resource management. F 2、 An interview is a one-way communication channel that allows the organization to obtain information about the applicant.
T 3、HR planning, choosing recruiting sources, and selecting the candidate are the first three steps involved in attracting an effective work force.
T 4、The value of an exit interview is to provide an excellent and inexpensive tool for learning about pockets of dissatisfaction within the organization and hence for reducing future turnover. Multiple Choice
C 1. The figurehead role involves: A. motivating and communicating with staff change
B. initiating（发起）C. handling ceremonial（正式的）and symbolic activities D.developing information sources within the organization E.staying well informed about current affairs
B 2. How an organization goes about accomplishing a plan is a key part of the management function of:
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