单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲 一、动词短语
(一)动词短语的分类
1．动词＋介词。eg：ask for 请求；寻找 belong to 属于 fall into 落入 look at 看 look after 照顾，照料 learn from 向……学习 remind of提醒
2．动词＋副词。eg：pick out 挑选 take away 拿走 wake up 叫醒 put off 推迟 give out 分发 think over 考虑 end up 结束
3．动词＋副词＋介词。eg：come up with 提出；想出 run out of 用完 get along with 与……相处 do well in 擅长 look forward to 期望
4．动词＋名词＋介词。eg：take part in 参加 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾
5．系动词＋形容词＋介词。eg：be equal to 等于
be strict with 对……要求严格 be mad at 对……恼火 be full of 充满 be different from 与……不同
(二)动词短语的用法
1．以介词结尾的动词短语，后面常接名词、代词、动名词作其宾语，该名词、代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。eg：think of 想起；想出 look for 寻找 get on 上车 agree with 同意 ask for 请求；询问 fall off 从……掉下来
2．有些“动词＋副词”结构的动词短语后面可以接名词、代词或动名词作其宾语。接名词时，该名词可以放在副词之后，也可以放在动词和副词之间；接代词时，该代词只能放在动词和副词之间。eg：put on穿上
take off 脱下 put up 挂起；举起 put away 收好 put down 放下 give up 放弃 give away 捐赠 hand out 分发 wake up 叫醒 shut down 把……关上 get back 取回 try out 试验，尝试
二、动词不定式
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，在有些情况下，to可以省略。 1．作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的动词不定式短语放在句尾。eg： It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea.目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。 2．作定语
动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。eg： Would you like something to eat？你想吃点什么吗？ 3．作宾语
(1)decide，hope，agree， choose，fail， wish，learn 等动词后常接动词不定式作宾语。
(2)谓语动词为think，find，believe 等的句子，常表示为：…think/find/believe it＋adj.＋to do sth. 4．作宾语补足语
(1)ask/like/tell/want/…＋sb.＋to do sth.其中to 不可省略。 (2)let/have/make/feel/hear/see/watch/…＋sb.＋do sth. (3)help sb.(to) do sth. 5．作表语
eg：His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是当一名医生。 6．作状语
eg：I'm sorry to hear it.听到这个消息我很难过。语法精练
Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．The teacher often tells us not__to__surf(not surf) the Internet. 2．Come on！I have something important to__tell(tell) you. 3．I haven't decided when to__take(take) a holiday yet.
4．To__be(be) healthy，we should eat more vegetables and fruits. 5．My job is to__study(study) hard.
Ⅱ.同义句转换，每空一词。
6．The boy takes after his mother. The boy is similar to his mother.
7．Can you come up with a good way to learn English well? Can you think up a good way to learn English well? 8．We can repair your watch at once. We can fix up your watch at once. 9．We want to make the girl happy. We want to cheer up the girl.
10．Can you give out the exercise－books for me? Can you hand out the exercise－books for me? Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 11．最后，她终于想出了一个好主意。 She came up with a good idea at last. 12．她愿意帮助我摆脱困境。
She would like to help me out． 13．我期待着我的笔友能尽快来信。
I'm looking forward to hearing from my pen pal as soon as possible. 14．会后他们不得不打扫房间。
They had to clean up the room after the meeting. 15．我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？
I've run out of my money.Can you lend me some
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