医学英语构词法

医学英语构词法

医学英语中单词颇多，但医学英语的学习有个技巧就是学习前后缀。不过医学英语中的前后缀也说实话也有很多的。可还是有一些前后缀是最常用的，掌握了他们你其实可以猜出大部分的医学英语单词的意思。下面列出这些最常用的供参考。

1．人体主要器官前缀

名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例 心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology

脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology 肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology 肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology 胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology 胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy 肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology 脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy 肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例

血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron 细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．与数字有关的前缀

数字 前缀 示例

一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional

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二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund 七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 八 octa- octahedral/octal system 九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon 十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色 通用名 前缀 示例

色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma 黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 紫 violet/purple 绿 green

棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G 粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 绯红 crimson

青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例 病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis /-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy 病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

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无 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia 小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leaflet

micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 大/巨 macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage -megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia 全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

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