2013新版八年级上册1-10分单元知识点归类总结
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
第一单元主要知识点： 一、词组、短语
1. go on vacation去度假 ， 2. stay at home 呆在家，
3. go to the mountains 上山/进山 ， 4. go to the beach到海边去， 5. visit museums 参观博物馆， 6. go to summer camp 去夏令营， 7. quite a few 相当多， 8. study for为……学习， 9. go out 出去，
10. most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间， 11. taste good 尝起来味道好， 12. have a good time玩的开心， 13. of course当然可以， 14. feel like感觉像……/想要, 15. go shopping购物， 16. in the past 在过去， 17. walk around绕……走，
18. too many 太多（可数名词前面）， 19. because of 因为， 20. one bowl of 一碗……, 21. find out 查出来/发现 ， 22. go on继续，
23. take photos 照相，
24. something important重要的事情， 25. up and down上上下下， 26. come up出来 二、重要句子（语法）：
1. Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了？ I went to New York City. 我去了纽约城 2. Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗？ No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
不，没有人在这儿大家度去度假了。
3. Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？
Yes, I bought something for my father. 对，我给父亲买了一些东西。 4. How was the food? 食物怎么样？
5. Everything tasted really good. 每一样东西真的都好吃。 6. Did everyone have a good time? 大家玩的开心吗？ Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. 对，一切都很精彩。
三、习惯用法、搭配
1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事/一直做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 四、词语辨析：
1)something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。
somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one, everybody， everyone是指人的不定代词。
somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定副词。
2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.
3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？
4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：
Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）
Why don’t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）
If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。 辨析：
1. get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思
get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大） 注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。 (注：地点副词home，here，there前介词省略） 2. nothing...but do sth.意为“除......之外； 只有”，如：
I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 3. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如： I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。
It feels like a stone. 它摸起来像一块石头。
另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。 如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。
4. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…;乐意做…
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.
5.I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的 wonder (1) n. 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情 如：No wonder! 难怪；不足为奇！ (2) v. 惊讶 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth. 感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going. I wonder if he is at school. 6.few和little 的区别： few,否定含义，很少，修饰可数名词 a few，肯定含义，一些，修饰可数名词 little， 否定含义，很少，修饰不可数名词 a little，肯定含义，一些，修饰不可数名词 辨析
quite a few和quite a little
quite a few 意为“很多;不少”，修饰可数名词复数； quite a little 意为“很多;不少”，修饰不可数名词。 a. He stays here for _____ _____ _____days.
b.There is _____ _____ _____water in the bottle(瓶子). 7. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。 1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you.. 他们似乎在等你。seem（to be）+adj. 似乎......
如：He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 从句 似乎......
如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。
其他的系动词有：be ; feel(觉得）; keep（保持）; stay（保持）;look（看来...）; smell（闻起来）sound（听起来……）taste（尝起来……）
2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人； boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。
如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。 相类似的词语还有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising 辨析：bring和take bring意为“带来；拿来”， 指从别处带到说话者所在地。 take意为“拿走；带走”， 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。
8. decide（v）决定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth. decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事
如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。 9. Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below. 1） because of + 名词/代词/名短
例如：I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因
because +从句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢 2）below意为“在......下面;低于”，其反义词为 above，意为“在......上
10.enough 1) 形容词/副词＋enough 如：wet/quietly enough 足够漂亮 enough ＋名词 如：enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞 2) (形/副)＋enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够…去做… 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。 同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too… to… :太… 而不能…) She is so young that she can’t go to school. most of the time意为“大部分时间”，其中most为代词，意为“大部分；大多数”。 拓展most of…意为“……中的大多数”，它作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。
a. Most of us___are__(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。 b. Most of the food__goes___(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。
11.如此…以致于（结果）My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。（P8）
so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.
such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that everyone likes her. So+形容词+a/ an+单数名词=such+a/ an+形容词+单数名词 例：so long a ruler= such a long ruler
So+many/ few+复数名词，so+much/ little+不可数名词 Such+其他形容词+复数名词或不可数名词
例如：so many books, so little food, such nice pictures 1). He is ____lovely a boy____we love him very much. 2). The little boy is __ young that he can’t go to school. 12. so that 从句：以便（目的）,引导目的状语从句 如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus. 13.My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on.
我的同学告诉我坚持往前走，因此我便继续前进了（P8） 1）tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事。
The teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ the window just now. 老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。
2）keep doing sth. 意为“继续做某事，一直做某事”。
She______ ______ TV for two hours last night. 昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电14．What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！常用的感叹句的结构： 1）What +adj.+ 复数名词 / 不可数名词+主语+谓语！ 2）What +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ 3）How +adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ 4）How+adj./adv. +主语+谓语！
区别要领：形容词后直接加名词为what感叹句，否则为how感叹句 eg:
1.What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is! 那本书多么有趣啊！
2.____a clever girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How D.Where
3. _____clever a girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How D.Where 4._____important jobs they did! A.What B.Who C.How D.Where 5._____sweet water it is! A.Who B.What C.Where D. How 6._____interesting the dog is! A.Who B.What C. Where D. How 建议的句式：
① What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ② Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping 应答语：接受：Certainly,Sure, /Yes, I'd love to. Why not?
Good idea! /Sure! OK!/ All right! Great!/That's great./Sounds great. 拒绝： I'd love to.But....
I'm sorry. I'm afraid not . I'm afraid I can't . Sorry,I can't . 15.反身代词：
myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. 作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, dress, kill等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。
He is teaching himself English. 她在自学英语。 She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。 He lives by himself in the country. 他独自住在乡下。
1) Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！ /请自己去取吧! 2) Make yourself at home! 别客气！
3) make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解 4) teach oneself 自学=learn by oneself
5) by oneself 独自
6) for oneself 为自己；替自己 7) enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
8) dress oneself 给自己穿衣
16.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。（P5） 1）wait for意为“等候”，其后可接人或物。 Tom was waiting for a bus over there.
2）over介词，意为“多于；超过” ，相当于more than。 Eg : My father is over 40 years old.
There are over eight hundred students in our school. 3) too many意为“太多”，其后接可数名词复数。
He always has too many questions to ask me.
辨析：too many + 可数名词复数 意为“太多... ” too much + 不可数名词 意为“太多... ” much too + 形容词 意为“太... ”
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