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大学英语3辅导资料十五
主 题:Unit 10的知识扩展
学习时间:2014年1月6日-1月12日
内 容:
一、地点状语从句(本课难点)
地点状语从句由where, wherever和everywhere引导,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。where指“在某个地方”,wherever指“在任何一个地方”,everywhere指“每一……地方”。例如:
You should put the book where it was.(你应该把书放在原来的地方。)
Wherever you go, you should do your work well.(不论到什么地方都要把工作做好。)
二、条件状语从句
条件状语从句可位于主句前面或后面。 1. if和unless
if表示下面的条件,意为“如果”;unless表示反面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”(if ... not)。例如:
If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him.(如果他12点前不来,我们就不等他了。)
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.(除非明天下雨,否则我就要走了。)
[注] 1) if ... not和unless通常可以换用的。例如:
If you don’t have a good command of English grammar, you won’t write good English.
Unless you have a good command of English grammar, you won’t write good English.
2) if可在简单句中表示与事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用虚拟语气,相当于I wish, if only,意为“要是……多好”。例如:
If she were here with me!(她要是在这里同我在一起该多好!) If I had been warned!(要是有人提醒我该多好!)
2. as long as, so long as, on condition that和in case
这些词组意思相近,有“如果,只要,假如,在……条件下”等意义。例如: So (As) long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.(只要你继续努力,你就会成功。)
In case John comes, please tell him to wait.(假如约翰来了,请让他等一下。)
3. only if和if only
only if引导的从句用陈述语气,意为“只要……”;if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气,意为“但愿……,要是……就好了。”比较:
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Only if we persist in carrying out the open-door policy, we will achieve greater success in every field.(只要我们坚持改革开放,我们就能在各个方面取得更大的成就。)
If only that photograph weren’t missing!(要是那幅照片没丢该多好!) If only it would stop raining.(但愿雨停了。)
If only I had known it, I wouldn’t have troubled him.(要是我早知道那件事,我就不会麻烦他了。)
三、原因状语从句
1. because, since, as和for
because表示原因的语气最强,常用于回答由why引导的疑问句。because从句一般位于主句后面(也可放在主句前面)。
for引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只是提供一些有助于说明情况的补充说明,且不可位于主句前。
since表示一种附带的原因,或者表示已知的、显然的理由,意为“既然”,引导的从句常放在句首。
as所表示的理由最弱,只是对主句的附带说明,重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。 例句:
He was punished because he did not obey the regulations. Because he did not obey the regulations, he was punished.
Since you say so, I suppose it is true.(你既然这么说,我想这是真的。)
As I am about to start a journey, I shall not be able to begin the work before I return.(因为我即将出去旅行,回来之前我不能开始那项工作。)
[注] 1) for和because的比较
for是并列连词,只用于连接表示原因的分句,因此不能用于第一个分句的句首。此外,for还可以表示推断式解释,而because却不能。例如:
I didn’t go to see him because (for) a heavy snow was falling.
Because (不能用for) a heavy snow was falling, I didn’t go to see him.(由于天下大雪,我没有去看他。)
There must be no one in the house for(不能用because)the door is closed.(门关着,屋子里准是没人。)表示推断
2) 强调原因状语只能用 “it is because that”结构,这里的because不能换成since, as或for。例如:
It was because (不能用as或since) he was too careless that he failed in the exam.(他正是因为太粗心考试才没有通过。)
3) for不可用于not ... but结构,引导的从句不可作表语,也不可被副词修饰。例如:
I like her not for she is rich, but for she is noble-hearted.(错误,for改为because)
It is because he is warm-hearted.(正确,不可用for)
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He lost his temper simply because she forgot to post the letter.(正确,不可用for)
2. She didn’t marry you because you had money的含义
在由because引导的主从复合句中,如果主句中含有否定词not,则可能是否定because引导的从句。上面的句子可以改写为:She married you not because you had money but because she loved you.(她嫁给了你,不是因为你有钱,而是因为她爱你。)例如:
The machine did not stop because the fuel was used up.(机器停了下来,并不是因为燃料耗尽了。) 因为别的原因
The mountain is not famous because it is high.(这座山闻名于世,并非因为它高。)
统考例题(重点掌握)
1. Let’s talk all this over again __________ we make a final decision. A. after B. before C. while D. when
解析:before引导时间状语从句,表示“在……之前”。根据题意选择B。
2. I had hardly reached the airport __________ he started for his destination. A. then B. when C. the moment D. than
解析:hardly …when意为“一……就……”。根据题意选择B。
3. _________ the poem a second time, the meaning will become clear to you. A. Your having read B. While reading C. If reading D. When you read
解析:the meaning是句子的主语,但不能作read的逻辑主语,因而要用状语从句。所以选择D。
4. __________ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
解析:as引导时间状语从句。原句意为“随着时间的推移,天气越来越糟。”所以选择D。
5. No sooner had I got to the station __________ the train stopped. A. when B. while C. than D. then
解析:no sooner … than意为“一……就……”。所以选择C。
练习题(重点练习)
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1. The young __________ eaten up almost everything on the table. A. is B. are C. has D. have
2. Young _______ he is, he knows how to get along with others. A. like B. as C. although D. however
3. We came finally _________ the conclusion that she has been telling lies all the time. A. of B. into C. to D. at
4. I don’t know _______ to deal with such matter. A. what B. how C. which D. /
5. Every means _______ been tried to solve the difficult problem. A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案:1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B
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