句子按结构分为三类,即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导,如果两个句子用连词进行连接,应选谓语动词形式;如果两个结构中未出现连词,则考虑用非谓语动词。
[典例] ________many times,but he still couldn’t understand it. A.Having been told B.Told C.He was told
D.Though he had been told 答案 C
解析 用连词but引导并列句,因此,前面与后句一样也是个独立的句子,排除A、B两项;因though和but不能同时出现在一个句子中,故选C。 方法2 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要找到其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词的特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致,找不到其逻辑主语时,整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都体现以下特点:
1.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,可用现在分词; 2.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,可用过去分词。
[典例] ________ from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A.Seen C.Having seen 答案 A
解析 句意为:从塔顶看,这座山的南边脚下是树的海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一个过去分词短语,在句子中作状语。see的逻辑主语是句子的主语the south foot of the mountain,它们之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词。
方法3 正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点,也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词,我们用时态来表示动作发生的时间;对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间,即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done,having done表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生;to be doing,doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
[典例] Dina,________ for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position
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B.Seeing D.To see
at a local advertising agency. A.struggling C.having struggled 答案 C
解析 句意为:Dina奋斗了几个月,想找个做女服务员的工作,最后在当地一家广告社谋到了一个职位。因Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上的主谓关系;且struggle发生在took之前,故用现在分词的完成形式。
B.struggled D.to struggle
强化练(三)
1.________ his eyes on the album,he thought of the happy time when he lived with his parents in that mountain village.(2017·红桥区二模,11) A.Fixed C.Fixing 答案 C
解析 句意为:目不转睛地看着相册,他回想起他和他父母一起住在那个山村的快乐时光。动词fix和其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系,且与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,故需用现在分词,选C。
2.________ to Anne’s birthday party,Mr Brown is now searching shop after shop for a nice present for her.(2017·南开区二模,2) A.Having invited C.Have been invited 答案 B
解析 句意为:受邀参加安妮的生日聚会后,为了给她买一件漂亮的礼物,布朗先生现在正在一家商店接着一家商店地寻找。非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前,需用现在分词的完成式;非谓语动词的逻辑主语Mr Brown和动词invite之间为被动关系,需用被动形式。故答案为B。
3.________ to her own work,she spent little time with her family.(2017·和平区一模,5) A.Devoting C.Devoted 答案 C
解析 句意为:她致力于自己的工作,很少和家人在一起。be devoted to...致力于……,由于从句主语与主句主语一致所以从句主语和be动词可以省略,故选C。
B.To be devoted D.Having devoted B.Having been invited D.Being invited B.To be fixed D.Having fixed
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4.In the reading room,we found her ________ at a desk,with her attention ________ on a book.
(2017·南开区二模,9)
A.sitting;fixing C.seating;fixing 答案 D
解析 句意为:在阅览室里,我们发现她坐在书桌旁,注意力集中在一本书上。第一空为“find+宾语+宾补”结构,其中sitting=seated;第二空考查“with+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语attention和动词fix之间为被动关系,故用过去分词fixed作宾补。答案为D。 5.—What do you think of your journey to Yunnan?
—Everything is very fantastic,especially its fresh air.It is pleasant ________.
(2017·天津十二所重点中学二模,12)
A.breathed C.to be breathed 答案 D
解析 句意为:——你觉得你的云南之行怎么样?——一切都很奇妙,尤其是云南的新鲜空气。那里的新鲜空气呼吸起来令人愉快。在“sth.+be+adj.+to do”结构中,不定式中的动词do与主语构成动宾关系,形容词表示主语的性质或特征。
6.I can hardly imagine Peter ________ the decision without any consideration.
(2017·红桥区二模,5)
A.accepts C.to accept 答案 B
解析 句意为:我简直无法想象彼得会毫不考虑就接受这个决定。imagine后跟动名词作宾语;Peter为动名词的逻辑主语。imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事。
7.The food________ in this way keeps its fresh flavor,which attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.(2017·天津五校联考一模,13) A.prepared C.to prepare 答案 A
解析 food与prepare之间为被动关系,故用prepared作后置定语修饰The food。句意为:以这种方法准备好的食物保持了其新鲜的味道,吸引了来自其他国家的人对中国烹饪艺术的关注。故选A。
8.________ the program,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2017·河
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B.to sit;fixed D.seated;fixed
B.being breathed D.to breathe
B.accepting D.accepted
B.preparing D.to be prepared
东区二模,9) A.Not completing C.Not having completed 答案 C
解析 句意为:由于没有完成这个项目,他们不得不在那里再待两个星期。本题考查三点:一是句子主语they和动词complete之间为主动关系,需用现在分词;二是非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,应用现在分词的完成式;三是非谓语动词的否定式,否定词not放在最前面。
9.Ann never dreams of ________ a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.
(2017·河西区二模,10)
A.being C.there to be 答案 D
解析 句意为:Ann做梦也没想到很快她就有机会被派往国外。介词后面跟动名词,此处为表示“存在”的there be结构,故用动名词的独立主格形式there being。
10.The noise from my neighbor’s sitting room ________ can be clearly heard in my apartment,which makes me distracted from reading.(2017·天津十二所重点中学一模,10)
A.is decorated C.decorated 答案 B
解析 句意为:邻居客厅里装修的噪音在我的公寓里能清晰地听到,这使我无法专心读书。此处表示正在进行的被动动作,故选B。
11.The worse working conditions we are looking forward to ________ must have attracted the local government’s attention.(2017·南开区三模,7) A.see improved C.see improving 答案 D
解析 句意为:我们期待看到有所改善的极其糟糕的工作条件一定引起了当地政府的关注。look forward to结构中的to为介词,其后跟动名词。句子核心结构为“The worse working conditions must have attracted the local government’s attention.”。we are looking forward to seeing improved为定语从句,修饰先行词conditions;关系代词在定语从句中作seeing的宾语且被省略,improved为宾语补足语,表被动。
12.We are invited to a party__________ in our club next Friday.(2017·红桥区一模,
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B.Not completed D.Having not completed
B.there will be D.there being
B.being decorated D.to be decorated
B.seeing to improve D.seeing improved
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