Unit2 English around the world
official adj 官方的．正式的.公务的 voyage n 航行．航海 conquer 征服.占领 because of 因为 come up 走近，上来．提出 native 本国的；本地的 n 本地人．本国人 actually实际上，事实上 base根据 n 基部；基地，墓础 at present 现在；目前
gradual 逐渐的.逐步的 enrich 使富裕；充实，改善vocabulary 词汇.词汇量.词表 make use of 利用 使用 latter 较后的后平的；（两者中）后者的 . fluent 流利的.流畅的 frequent adj 频繁的．常见的 usage 使用.用法.词语惯用法command命令；指令；掌握 request请求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语；表示表达 play a part ( in ）扮演个角色：参与 2.短语归纳
1. 不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English 2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways 3. 彼此不同 be different from one another
4. 与现代英语不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 起着的重要作用 play an important role / part
6. 起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role 7. 因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role 8. 国际语言 an international language
9. 在16世纪末 at the end of the 16 th century
10. 在17世纪初 at the beginning of the 17 th century 11. 在20世纪前期 in the early 20 th century 12. 即使 even if / even though
13. 以德语为基础 be based on German
14. 使用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary 15. 它自己的特色 its own identity
16. 众多讲英语的人 a very large number of English speakers 17. 学英语的人数 the number of people learning English 18. 信不信由你 believe it or not
19. 讲最好的英语 speak excellent English
20. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another 21. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects 22. 国际组织 an international organization 23. 辨认出他的口音 recognize his accent 24. 发出命令 give commands
25. 提出客气的请求 make a polite request
要点提炼 Section A
重要词语辨析 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour 【解释】 voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行 Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942. journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，距离较远，多指陆地
They will make a journey to Beijing by train. travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游 We had six days’ travel by car. trip: (短途)旅行 The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall. tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行 We will make a tour of Hainan next week. 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow. 2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months. 3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend. 4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle. 1. recognize/realize/know (1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。 (2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。 (3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解 [应用1](1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health. (2)I've ________________ Tom for years. (3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room 2. such as/for example/that is/and so on (1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。 (2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。 (3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。 (4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。 [练习](1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E. (2)Overcooking(烹饪过度), ____________， destroys many nutrients(营养素). (3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German. (4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag. 4 a number of / the number of 【解释】 a number of意思是“若干；许多” the number of意思是“……的数目” 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly. 2). ____________ books in the market are in English. 重要词性变化
1. actual adj. 实际的 2. base n. 基地；基础 3. east n. 东方 actually adv. 实际上；事实上 base v. 以……为根据 eastern adj. 东方的；东部的 basic adj. 基本的 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) What did he _________ say? (actual) 2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual) 3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base) 4）She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base) 5）This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base) 6）He is interested in ________ customs. (determine) 7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine) 重点词汇，短语，句式
1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的
You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树。
There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查。 【拓展】official 或 officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同 1， official常指政府官员或行政官员
2， officer常指身特定制服的官员，如军官或者警官等。 练习：我爸爸是军官，而他爸爸是政府官员。
My father is an________ in the army, while his father is an________ in the government. 答案：officer official
3. native adj. 本国的；本土的 n.本地人，本国人 The women are native people.这些妇女是本地人。
Finally, she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖国。 The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。 【注意】native 做形容词用时，只能做前置定语。 be native to 意为（动植物）是…特有的，原产于… The tiger is native to India, 这种虎产于印度。
4. actually adv. 实际上；事实上 （相当于in fact/ as a matter of fact） He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous. 他看起来很镇定，实际上却非常紧张。
Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think I will just go to bed. 或许我会熬夜看这部电影，不过我想我还是去睡觉吧。 【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然
He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我给他付票钱。 actual adj. 实在的；实际的；实际上；确实 What were his actual words? 他到底怎么说的？ 5. base vt. 以…为基础 n.基础；基地；
I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我们昨天的得到的好消息上。
This provides a good base for the development of new techniques. 这为新技术的发展奠定了良好的基础。
base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础 be based on 以…为基础 on the base of… 以…为基础 an air base 空军基地
The story is based on facts.这个故事是以事实为基础的。
One should always base one’s opinions on facts.一个人的观点应该以事实为基础。 6．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地 Things gradually improved. 情况已经渐渐地改善。 gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother. 他对待继母的态度正在逐渐改变。
7. latter adj. 较后的；后半的；后者的 She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life. 在她的后半生，她过的很辛苦。
【注意】the latter (已提到的两者中的)后者，通常与the former(前者)相对应 They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favour the latter. 注意区分later 后来
8. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的
His visit became less frequent as time passed. 随时时间的流逝，他渐渐不常登门了。 frequently adv. 常常；频繁的
Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。 词组1. because of 因为；由于
[典例]1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。 [短语归纳]
because of 是复合介词。
because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。
[练习] ⑴ He came late to school again _______ he got up too late.
⑵ The girl cried __________ what the teacher said.
⑶ we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather. because of的近义词组 thanks to 因为；由于
as a result of 由于…的原因 by reason of 因为 due to 因为，由于 owing to 归功于…
Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮助，我按时完后了任务。 I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。 2.come up走近；上来；提出 [典例]
1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。 3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.
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