(Yes, this is what happened, which was unusual according to the previous correlation that hemlines followed the economic situation rather than proceeding or anticipating it.)
(b) Women’s skirts got shorter.
(c) There was a crisis on the stock market. (d) Designers began to lose touch with reality. 3 Match the photos with the sentences from the passage. Photo 1 (a) Photo 2 (d) Photo 3 (g)
Photo 4 (b) Photo 5 (e) Photo 6 (f) Photo 7 (c) Photo 1: 1960s
Photo 4: mid-1960s and early 1970s Photo 3: 1970s, the period of punk Photo 2: mid-1980s Photo 5: late 1980s Photo 7: 1990s Photo 6: 2001
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. Teaching tips Ask a pair of students to present the answers: student A reads the definition, B gives the answers. Ask
them to speak clearly and to show confidence. 1 able to be seen (visible)
2 to think or guess that something is smaller, less important etc than it really is (underestimate)
3 very brave and determined (courageous)
4 an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation (crisis)
5 the most common or greatest in number or amount (predominant) 6 new and different in a way that might offend or upset some people (daring)
5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.
Teaching tips
This time, to go over the answers, T reads the text but pauses before each gap. The class should quickly call out the correct answer – in the correct form –
then T reads on.
At a time of global (1) crisis, when stock markets are falling across the world, we should never (2) underestimate the ability of fashion designers to surprise us by bringing sunshine into people’s lives,
and avoiding the (3) predominant trend of gloom and
pessimism. This is certainly true of the fashion industry in Brazil. In 2009, when the effects of the financial situation were (4) visible almost
everywhere,
top designers launched a (5) daring new collection
combining high hemlines, low necklines, and lots of colour. As one commentator wrote, “You can call it a (6) courageous decision if you like, but it’s also a
question of Brazilians doing what comes naturally to them.” 6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
Teaching tips
This time, to go over the answers, T chooses a pair. Student A reads the sentences and pauses before each gap, Student B gives the correct answer in the appropriate form. Encourage the pair to speak normally. 1 If we don’t act soon, the situation will get worse. (deteriorate)
2 I’m afraid my trousers got torn when I tried to climb over that fence. (ripped)
3 You need thick pieces of material on your knees and elbows if you go rollerblading. (pads)
4 Access to the show is limited to journalists with press passes. (restricted)
5 The Dow Jones list of stocks and shares fell another 40 points yesterday. (index)
6 That was the most worrying piece of news I’d heard in a long time. (unsettling)
7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 Is a ubiquitous item of clothing something you can find (a) everywhere, or (b) only in restricted circles? 2 Does bust refers to (a) economic growth, or (b)
financial failure?
3 If a fashion item is sold exclusively in boutiques, can
you find it (a) in department stores too, or (b) in no other shops apart from boutiques?
4 Is a backlash a (a) strong, or (b) weak reaction to something? 5 Does a glamorous person looks (a) attractive, or (b) unattractive?
6 If you are lavish with your money, do you (a) spend money with care, or (b) spend money very
generously?
7 If you bleach a pair of jeans, do you (a) add, or (b) remove its colour?
8 Is a woman who is prim and proper is more likely to wear (a) a micro miniskirt, or (b) a knee-length skirt?
9 If a model is skinny, is she (a) very thin, or (b) overweight?
Reading and interpreting
8 Look at the passage and find the formal equivalents of the following sentences. Identify the formal features in the original versions.
1 Historians writing about fashion between 1960 and 2010 always refer to two constant factors. No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors. 2 ... young people bought them and wore them enthusiastically as they recognized them as a symbol of
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