山东省高职高专英语应用能力考试模拟试题(1)
Part I Listening Comprehension (15 points, one point each)
Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section A (5 points)
Directions: In this section you will hear 5 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. The dialogue and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. 1. A. A secretary
B. Dr. Lowenstein C. A voice mail D. An answer phone 2. A. Heathrow B. London C. Amsterdam D. Frankfort
3. A. To the hospital B. To work
C. to Charlie’s garage D. To her mother-in-law’s 4. A. 7:00 p.m. B. 7:45 p.m. C. 8:30 p.m. D. 8:45 p.m.
5. A. The man and woman will go sailing.
B. The man and the woman will go on a date. C. There will be a big sale at the store. D. They will take inventory. Section B (5 points)
Directions: In this section you will hear a conversation ans a short passage. At the end of conversation and passage, some questions will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the passage will be spoken twice. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Conversation
6. A. At a doctor’s surgery B. At work
C. At home D. At school
7. A. Last year’s holiday
B. Their ideas about the future holiday C. A party during the holiday
D. The place to spend their holiday
8. A. A week. B. A year. C. A month D. Half a year. Passage
9. A. Because he wanted to have a drink.
B. Because ha wanted to steal something there. C. Because he wanted to read Tom’s story.
D. Because he wanted to smoke Tom’s cigarettes. 10. A. Well written B. Exciting C. Rather poor D. Interesting. Section C (5 points)
Directions: In this section you will hear a recorded short passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times. The first reading is for you to get the general idea. During the second reading, you are required to choose the missing words or phrases according to what you hear in order of numbered blanks. Then you should mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center. The third reading is for you to check your answer. Now the passage will begin.
There are several ways in which Americans _11_ customs are different form those other parts of the world. A guest invited to dinner is _12_ to arrive on time. The use of the knife and fork is often different. The fork is used mostly in the right hand. It _13_ the food without help from the knife, which is _14_ used only to cut meat or potatoes, and is placed to the right of the plate when in use. And while in many places the napkin (餐巾) is put around the neck, here it is put on the lap. Finally, when Americans eat certain foods, they use their_15_. For example, at picnics they eat chicken, pizzas, and so on with their hands only. 11. A. dine B. dinner C. diner D. dinning 12. A. expect B. expecting C. expected D. expects 13. A. gathers B. together C. altogether D. gathering 14. A. in general B. generally C. general D. greatly 15. A. fingers B. finger C. figures D. figure
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points, one point each) Directions: In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or phrase or expression from the four choices marked A, B, C and D, then you should mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.
16. a few words , I do not know any English at all.
A. But for B. Beside C. Apart from D. In spite for
17. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I to stay here. A. make up B. detect C. defeat D. decide
18. You will enjoy here if you pay attention to our signs.
A. to stay B. your staying C. you to stay D. to staying
19. Tomorrow evening they at the theatre.
A. will be singing B. is singing C. sang D. have sung
20. I needn’t remind you that terrible tie you bought yesterday.
A. to B. with C. by D. of
21. He prefers reading alone in a room playing cards.
A. rather than B. to C. than D. more than
22. I’m telling you this a mistake. A. so that you should make B. in case you should not make
C. for fear that you should make D. for fear that you should not make 23. Seldom for picnics.
A. do we go B. we go C. we do go D. we shall go
24. I took someone’s umbrella . A. by heart B. by nature C. by mistake D. by the way
25. No educational system is perfect. Each one has its .
A. limitations B. line C. front D. advantages
26. This old car that we bought five years ago needs______.
A. to repair B. being repaired C. repairing D. repaired
27. They didn’t come to the party, though they _____that they would.
A. promised B. offered C. suggested
D. refused 28.
Unlike
most
Chinese,
many
Americans
_______bread and eggs for breakfast every morning.
A. used to eat B. are used to eat C. are used to eating D. used to eating 29. I am considering ______your advice.
A. to accept B. to receive C. accepting D. receiving
30.______ the bad Weather they went to attend the meeting.
A. Although B. In spite C. Despite D. Though
31. By the end of this century, scientists ______a cure for the common cold.
A. must discover B. may discover C. will have discovered D. have discovered 32. “ Would you like to go to the park?” ---“Yes, it’s _____ day!”
A. so a fine B. such a fine C. such fine a D. what fine a
33. Mr. Smith left for London ______the morning of Christmas Eve.
A. on B. at C). in D. to 34. That ______boy in blue is my son.
A. 5-years-old B. 5 years old C. 5-year-old D. old-year-5
35. So fast ______that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. will light travel
Part III Reading Comprehension (1) (30 points, two points each)
Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 3 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 unfinished statements or questions, numbered 36 through 40. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the best choice and mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.
Large airports with lots of international traffic have employees who speak languages besides English to help you, but smaller ones don’t. Here are some more helpful things to know.
Airports are not always named after the city they are in. New York City has two international airports: John F. Kennedy and LaGuardia. Chicago’s international airport is called O’Hare, and there’s another for flights within the U. S. called Midway. The same with Washington, D. C.. There’s Dulles International and National for flights within the U. S. The airport in Boston is Logan. In Seattle you’ll find SeaTac, from Seattle and the name of a neighboring city, Tacoma.
There are four time zones in the U. S. If you have to fly through several time zones in 12 hours or less, you may feel an upset of your body block after the long flight. This is jet lag(时差). Doctors say the best thing you can do is rest on the plane and perhaps have a drink of water and rest at your hotel when you arrive.
You can bring a total of one quart of alcoholic beverages(含酒精的饮料) and one carton(纸盒) of cigarettes(200 cigarettes) into the U. S. duty free. If you bring more, you have to pay tax. If you lose something on the plane or can’t find your baggage at the claim area, you should report it to your airline. If you lose something in the airport, you should go to the lost and found. 36. Languages including English are spoken to guide passengers in . A. all the international airports B. small airports with lots of traffic C. domestic airports with much traffic
D. large airports with much international traffic 37. How are the airports named in the U.S.?
A. They are not named after the city they are in. B. They are always named after the city nearby. C. They are always named after the city they are in.
D. Sometimes they are not named after the city they are in. 38. Which of the following airports is in Seattle? A. O’Hare. B. SeaTac C. Dulles
D. John, F. Kennedy
39. Which of the following statements is TRUE about jet lag?
A. When you feel sick after a long flight of time zones, you maybe suffering jet lag. B. After flying through time zones, everyone will feel sick. C. It’s better to have some water before you have jet lag. D. If you have a good rest in a hotel, you won’t have jet lag
40. If you leave your things , you can contact with the lost and found. A. on the plane B. in the U.S C. in the airport D. at the claim area Task 2
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 unfinished statements or questions, numbered 41 through 45. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the best choice and mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.
In America, where Labor costs are so high, “do-it-yourself” is a way of life. Many people repair their own cars. Build their own garages, and then remodel their own house. Soon they may also be writing their own books. In Hollywood there is a company that publishes children’s books with the help of computers. Although other book companies also publish that way, this particular company is very unusual. It “personalizes” the books by having the computer make the readers the leading character in the story. Here is how they do it. Let us say your child is named Jimmy. He lives on Oak Drive in St. Louis, and has a dog named Betty, a parrot named Polly, and two playmates whose names are Tom and Mary. The computer uses this information to fill out a story that has already been prepared and illustrated. The story is then printed with standard equipment as a hardcover book. A child who receives such a book might say, “This book is about me”; the company therefore calls itself the “Me-Books Publishing Company”.
Children like the Me-Books because they like to see in print their own names and the names of their friends and their pets. But more important, “personalization” has been found to be an important tool in developing enthusiasm for reading. Me-books are thus helping a child to learn how to read, by appealing to that natural desire to see his own name in print. 41. Why do people in America do most things by themselves? A. Nobody would like to lend a hand. B. They can do better than others.
C. They don’t trust others. D. It is expensive to hire labor.
42. Why does this company differ from others? A. It publishes books only for children.
B. It makes the young readers characters in the stories. C. It publishes books about people’s mates and pets. D. It uses computers to make up stories.
43. “Me-Book Publishing Company” is named by ________. A. Jimmy B. itself C. a child
D. the government
44. “Me-Books” are books________. A. written by children themselves
B. published with the help of some children C. printed with standard equipment D. relating stories about the reader
45. Me-books are helping children to learn________ A. reading with interest B. the adults’ world
C. writing beautifully D. their hometown’s history Task 3
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 unfinished statements or questions, numbered 46 through 50. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the best choice and mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.
British newspapers are much smaller than they used to be and their readers are often in a hurry, so newspaperman writes as few words as possible. They tell their readers at once what happened, where, when and how it happened and what was the result: how many people were killed, what damage was done and so on. Readers want the fact set out as fully and accurately as possible. Readers are also interested in the people who have seen the accidents. So a newspaperman always likes to get some information from someone who was there, which can be given in the person’s own words. Because he can use only a few words, the newspaperman must choose those words carefully, every one must be effective. Instead of “he called out in a loud voice”, he writes “he shouted”; instead of “the loose stones rolled noisily down the side of the mountain”, he will write “they thundered down the mountainside”. Because many of the readers aren’t very clever, and most of them are in a hurry.
46. From the text, we learned that newspaperman wrote as few words as possible, because readers ________
A. want to know more about the news B. take no interest in what has happened C. have no time to read the news carefully D. pay much attention to the result
47. The underlined word “one” in the text refers to ____ A. person
B. newspaperman C. reader D. word
48. Which of the following would best complete the text? A. He will keep his writing short. B. He won’t care about his writing.
C. He will give nothing but information. D. He won’t make his writing good enough.
49. In what way do you think British newspapers have become smaller? A. In page size B. In number of readers C. In number of pages D. In number of copies
50. Which of the following is true?
A. Readers are not satisfied with the short news.
B. Not many people have time to read the long articles in newspapers. C. Readers find the language of the newspapers exciting. D. Newspaperman tries to report as fully as possible. Task4
Directions: The following is a letter. After reading the letter you should give brief answer to the 5 questions (No.51 to No.55) following it. The answers should be written after the corresponding numbers in the blanks.
July 28, 1999 To whom It May Concern,
I’ve learned that you are trying to get qualified teachers. It’s my pleasure to take this opportunity to recommend to you Miss Gao Fang, My former student.
Miss Gao Fang, 28, Graduated from Beijing Normal University 5 years ago, majoring in English.
She has been an English teacher in NO.3 Middle School for five years. Both as a student and as a teacher, she has shown that she is an industrious, dutiful, conscientious, intelligent and reliable person. Her colleagues and students have a high opinion of her. So, I believe she is qualified for the teaching job in your college.
Yours faithfully, David
Professor of English 51. Who recommends Miss Gao Fang?
. 52. What is the relationship between Miss Gao Fang and him?
He is Miss Gao Fang’s . 53. What did Miss Gao Fang study in university?
. 54. What’s Miss Gao Fang’s job?
She is . 55. Where does Miss Gao Fang work now?
She works in . Part IV Translation (20 points, two points for each)
Section A Translate the following English into Chinese. (10 points)
56. It is still unusual to get a job without a face-to-face contact with your boss-to-be.
57. The standards and reputation of this organization are
known around the world, and I know what an achievement it is to be here.
58. Today’s young people generally have more purchasing
power than their parents and they are more prepared to use it.
59. Sometimes you’ll run into people who can’t wait to pour their heart out to you.
60. Speakers in many cultures enjoy periods of
silence and use them to gather their thoughts.
56. 未经与你未来的老板面对面的接触就得到一份工作，这依然是很罕见的。 57. 这个机构的高标准和声誉举世闻名，我知道能在这里工作就是一大成就。 58. 如今的年轻人的购买能力一般都超过他们的父母，而且更乐意消费。
59. 有时你会碰到迫不及待向你倾诉心声的人。
60. 许多国家的人喜欢在谈话中间有沉默的间隙，以便进行思考。
Section B Translate the following Chinese into English. (10 points) 61．你不准离开房间。
62．如果你每晚开夜车工作， 身体必然会受影响。
63．我宁可到外面散步也不愿意在房间里呆上两小时什么事也不做。
64．我几乎听不到演说者的声音。
65．这位妇女气愤地走出了商店，决定次日惩罚店员一下。
61. You are not allowed to leave the room.
62. If you stay up late working every night, your health will surely be affected.
63. I would rather go out for a walk than stay in the room doing nothing for two hours. 64. I could hardly hear the speaker.
65. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.
Part V Writing (10 points)
Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a letter of recommendation according to the following instructions given in Chinese. Write it in the blanks.
假如你是王峰，李强是你的学生，你打算向安德鲁教授推荐他攻读研究生。写一封推荐信。
内容：1. 认识李强四年。
2. 他表现突出并积极肯学，取得了一
定进步。
3. 由于他出色的表现，从2000年开
始担任助教。
4. 从他的表现，你相信他会成为一名
成功的学生。
Words for reference：助教 teaching assistant 突出 stand out
Part V Writing
Dear Mr. Andrew,
I am writing this recommendation to support Mr. Li Qiang’s application to your graduates program.
I have known Mr. Li Qiang for over 4 years. Because of his excellent performance, Mr. Li Qiang has been a teaching assistant since 2000. While studying Mr. Li Qiang stood out among many students, as he is an eager learner. He
works hard on his language skills and has made improvement. I believe he has the ability to succeed in graduate study.
Based on Mr. Li Qiang’s performance in school and at work, I believe he will be a highly successful student at your school. I support his application for admission without reservation, and would appreciate any assistance you can offer him.
Yours truly,
Wang Feng
Test One
1. This question is too hard, it is __________ my comprehension.
A. below B. beyond C. over D. without
2. By no means __________ our mistakes.
A. we ought ignore B. we ought to
ignore
C. ought we ignore D. ought we to ignore
3. I have given up trying to convince her; there is no point ___ with her.
A. for arguing B. to argue C. in arguing D. of arguing
4. We regret ___ you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.
A. informing B. to inform C. having informing D. to have informed
5. You should have put the milk in the icebox; I expect it ___ undrinkable by now.
A. became B. has become C. had become D. becomes
6. He has been looking everywhere for you, and he still ___.
A. does B. has C. is D. has been
7. Tom often attempts to escape ___ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined B. to have been fined
C. to be fined D. being fined
8. These studies will yield valuable lessons ___ save lives and protect property.
A. how to B. in how to C. in which to D. about those to
9. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ___ to its burning temperature.
A. be heated B. is heated C. would be heated D. should heat
10. “I’m sorry, sir. I ___ the job before yesterday but I have been so busy.”
A. ought to finish B. should finish C. must have finished D. was to have finished
11. If we had been more careful, we ___ much better results now.
A. would be getting B. got C. would have gotten D. had got
12. In the old days the poor people were made ___ day and night.
A. to work B. work C. working D. to be worked
13. Do you remember ___ to Prof. Smith
during your last visit to America?
A. to be introduced B. being introduced C. having introduced D. to have introduced
14. A foreign language like English is difficult to learn, so you ___ work too hard.
A. should B. mustn’t C. can’t D. ought to
15. The child was told that he ___ pay for his text-books.
A. need not B. needs not C. need not to D. needs not to
16. I’ve just repaired the TV set, ___ makes it
possible for you to watch the football program tonight.
A. which B. that C. what D. it
17. ___ compromise they reach, it will only be temporary.
A. However B. Whatever C. Wherever D. Whomever
18. I’ll accept the job ___ I don’t have to get up early every morning.
A. as long as B. in case C. lest D. though
19. This ___ girl is Mary’s cousin.
A. pretty little Swedish B. Swedish pretty little
C. Swedish little pretty D. little pretty Swedish
20. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ___ eastern Nebraska.
A. does B. in C. it does in D. in it does
Test Two
1. Even though they ___ side by side for 20 years, the two neighbors are not very friendly.
A. having been lived B. had been lived C. have been living
D. has been living
2. If you smoke in a non-smoking section, people ___. A. have objected B. must object C. objected 3. The washing machine ___ by my brother right now.
A. been repaired B. repaired C. being repaired D. is being repaired 4. __________, he felt tired out after the long journey for eight hours. A. Strong as he is B. The stronger he is
D. will object
C. Strong man that he is D. For he is strong
5. She’s got so ___ to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.
A. use to listen B. used to listen C. used in listening D. used to listening
6. I intended ___ the matter with you, but I had some guests then. A. discuss B. having discussed C. to have discussed discussing
7. He can’t understand why we avoided ___ to him. A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. to have spoken 8. The mother didn’t know who ___ for breaking glass. A. will blame B. blames C. was to blame D. blamed 9. It was essential that application forms ___ before the weekend. A. be handed in B. handed in handed in
10. If you ___ me about it earlier, I would not have wasted so much time waiting.
A. were to tell B. did tell C. told
D. had told
C. to be handed in D. were
D.
11. He ___ another career but, at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.
A. might have chosen B. might choose C. had to choose D. must have chosen
12. They regret ___ unable to inform you of the meeting. A. having been
B. being C. to have been
D. to be
13. They will have you ___ if you don’t pay your taxes. A. to be arrested B. arrested C. arrest D. being arrested 14. I must remember ___ Tom that his car needs repairing.
A. reminded B. to remind C. reminding D. to be reminded of 15. What’s the matter, Jane? I smell something ___. A. burns B. to burn C. burning D. to be burned
16. Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I ___ it from the bank.
A. didn’t need to borrow B. needn’t have borrowed C. haven’t needn’t to borrow D. will not need to borrow 17. I told the old man that he ___ to see a doctor about his cough. A. must
B. should C. ought D. has
18. You won’t be able to find the job ___ you start right now. A. lest B. so that C. unless D. that
19. Under no circumstances and at no time ___ the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. we are B. we will be C. were D. shall we be 20. His favorite hobbies are ___ model airplanes and ___ stamps. A. to build; collecting B. build; to collecting C. build; collect D. to build; to collect
Test Three
1. Your mother told me that you overslept this morning, __________ ? A. didn’t she B. didn’t you C. did she D. did you 2. ___ a pen, two books and a pencil box on the desk.
A. There have B. There is C. There are D. There was
3. I should very much like to have gone to the closing ceremony, but I ___.
A. am not invited B. have not been invited C. was not invited D. will not be invited 4. I’m thirty years old, ___?
A. am’t I B. am not I C. aren’t I D. Bo A and C 5. ___ this is an even of world historic significance is quite evident. A. What B. That C. Because D. Since 6. The train hasn’t arrived yet, so we ___.
A. needed not to hurry B. needn’t have hurried C. didn’t needed to hurry D. need haven’t hurried
7. He never hesitated to help those who are in need of his help ___ he could. A. so far as B. now that C. since D. while 8. We must stop now. It is time we ___ home.
A. have gone B. are going C. were going D. will go 9. When I ___, the speech contest started.
A. seated B. was seating C. was seated D. had seated 10. The true value of life is not in ___, but ___.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give
11. Give the books to __________ needs them for the English class and the writing class. A. whomever B. whom C. who D. whoever
12. I got a letter from Patricia this morning, ___that she’s expecting another baby. A. saying B. says C. has said D. will say
13. The servant went upstairs. Soon he returned and asked Jones _____. A. to follow him B. follow him C. followed him D. follows him
14. So important ___ which Edison had given us that we could not live without them - not for one minute.
A. the electrical inventions were B. the electrical inventions was C. was the electrical inventions D. were the electrical inventions
15. The teacher has his students __________ a composition every other week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 16. “Wendy has a terrible cold.” - “ How long ___ it?” A. has she had B. she has had C. had she D. she has
17. It is because he is kind and modest __________he wins the respect of others. A. what B. which C. why D. that 18. It is obvious ___ on more important things. A. what the money we should spend B. what the money should we spend C. that the money should we spend D. that we should spend the money
19. ___ what you intended, I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you. A. I realized B. should I realize C. had I realized D. I had realized
20. Six months is ___ to learn a foreign language well.
A. a too short time B. too short a time C. too a short time D. too short time Test Four
1. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil __________only if their sulfur content is low.
A. burning B. to burn C. being burned D. to be burned 2. I’m very happy ___ a chance ___ your company. A. to give; to visit B. giving; visiting C. to be given; to visit D. to be giving; visiting
3. If you want to stay here longer, what you should do is to work hard ___ play more. A. more than B. rather than C. other than D. better than
4. Space vehicles were launched into outer space __________ search of another living planet. A. to B. at C. in D. for 5. This post card is sent by ___.
A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father’s C. my father friend D. my father friend’s
6. This is the one of the books on the subject ___ in English.
A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. which have ever been written D. which has ever written
7. They failed six times however; they have made up their minds to try ___. A. seven times B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time 8. ___ have known each other for about ten years. A. He and I B. I and he C. He and you D. I and you 9. This is an important matter; I need at least a day or two ___. A. of thinking over it B. to think it over C. of thinking it over D. to think over it
10. “Does she study physics or chemistry?” “She studies ___.”
A. either B. neither C. none D. all
11. During the test no one is allowed to ask ___ questions. A. some B. any C. no D. a
12. She ___ the exam again since she had already passed it. A. needn’t have taken B. didn’t need to take C. needn’t take D. mustn’t take
13. You ___ play with the match, you ___ start a fire.
A. won’t ; can B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t must D. can’t; shouldn’t 14. I wish I ___ some French, so that I could go and visit France as a tourist.
A. knew B. would have known C. will know D. know 15. Without your help, we ___ so much.
A. are not achieve B. didn’t achieve C. don’t achieve D. would not have achieved 16. He made a request that they ___ set free.
A. be B. were C. will be D. are
17. All attention must be paid to him, lest he ___ that he is inferior to my other guests.
A. feel B. feels C. will feel D. is feeling
18. He has already left. If only you ___ five minutes earlier?
A. are coming B. have come C. had come D. come 19. Were it not for friction, we ___ to walk on this earth of ours.
A. would not be able B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able
20. We didn’t know when you were arriving, ___ we would have met you at the airport.
A. but B. or C. however D. and Test Five
1. I was on the point of leaving the house ___ the phone rang. A. before B. when C. after D. while
2. He had to drive fast yesterday; otherwise he ___ his plane. A. would miss B. would be missing C. had missed D. would have missed 3. He was playing the music softly ___ disturb anyone. A. so as not to B. so as to not C. so not as to D. not so as to 4. The rocks were icy and he was terrified lest he ___. A. slip B. slipped C. slips D. be to slip 5. Visitors are asked ___ the animals at the zoo.
A. to not feed B. not to feed C. to feed not D. not feed to 6. You ___ yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. A. must not have gone out B. should not have gone out C. need not have gone out D. would not have gone out 7. The day we looked forward to ______.
A. come B. coming C. has come D. have come 8. My sister has just come back from abroad. She seems ___ her trip very much. A. to enjoy B. to have enjoyed C. to be enjoying D. to enjoying
9. Just as they must put aside their prejudices, ___ we must be prepared to accept their good faith. A. as B. so C. thus D. like
10. The question ___ discussion now is where they should build the factory. A. in B. on C. at D. under
11. I used to take sugar in coffee, but now I’m on ___ diet to lose weight. A. the B. my C. some D. a
12. The Red Cross needed ___ ten thousand dollars with which to buy bandages and medicine. A. other B. the other C. the another D. another
13. The party was wonderful and I wish I ___ it with you yesterday evening. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. have gone 14. After all, the device was not so heavy ___ you had thought. A. which B. that C. what D. as 15. It’s said that it’s ___ to miss. A. to good chance B. too a good chance C. too good a chance D. a chance good too
16.___ all this work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out with you. A. Since B. With C. For D. After 17. I’d rather you __his offences.
A. forgive B. forgave C. will forgive C. to forgive 18. You were permitted into the hall for the film, ___ you sat at the back. A. seeing that B. provided that C. in order that D. for fear that 19. This question is far more complicated ___ (it) appears on the surface. A. but B. that c. when D. than
20. All ___ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life for the flood refugees. A. what is needed B. for our needs C. the thing needed D. that is needed
写作技巧
写作的基本要求和类型
三级考试写作重在检查学生对英语实际应用能力。考生应在规定时间内根据题目、写作提纲或规定情景、写作图表写出约100字左右的短文。应用文写作包括各种信函、简历、通知、会议记录 (minute)、启事、广告、电子邮件和传真等。其中信函涉及私人信函如求职信、推荐信、介绍信、申请信、辞职信等，和商业信函如建立业务关系，询价与回复、订单、索赔等。本部分以应用文和图表作文练习为主，其他文体（如议论文、说明文）练习为辅。
应用文写作及范例
1. 信函
? 信函写作的基本原则
书信格式原则：有平头式、改良式、改良/半平头式
文体意识原则：正式与非正式 礼貌语言原则：必须体现
完成任务原则：检查内容的完整性 ? 信函的结构和格式
结构: 包括信封（envelope）、信端（heading）、信内地址（inside address）、称呼（salutation）、正文（body）、结束语（complimentary closing）、签名（signature）。商务信函还可以包括收件人（attention line）、主题(subject)、职务（title）附件和再启（enclosure and postscript / P.S.） ? 信封格式
缩进式 (indented style): 每行缩进几格.
If you ask Mary Ann to pass on a letter to Mr. Harry Shawn, you should put c/o (care of )
before Mary Ann followed by her address. 平头式 (block style):
Michael Li Carbonite Corp. Stamp 1333 Second Ave. Milford, Connecticut 0660 (the sender’s) Harry Bennet 110 N. Olive Ave. West Palm Beach, FL33402 (the recipient’s )
? 信的格式
包括完全平头式（full-blocked）、改良式（modified）、改良/半平头式 (semi-blocked)
改良式（modified: 信头、日期、结束语和签名靠页面右边，其他靠左边。
改良/半平头式 (semi-blocked): 信主体部分每段开头缩进5~6格，其他与改良式相同。
一般社交实用信函范例
①. 邀请信(Letters of Invitation)
应注意邀请信内容必须完整准确: 说明邀请的原因、活动时间和地点以及来访安排。邀请信分为正式与非正式两种。 Formal Letter of Invitation
Dr. Peter Brown
Department of Biochemistry
Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia U.S.A.
May 26, 2006 Dear Dr. Brown,
I am pleased to invite you to visit the Genetics Institute of Eastern University of Medical Sciences for one week in early October 2006. During your visit to our institute, we look forward to your academic presentations and the exchange of ideas in genetic sciences. Furthermore, we can discuss the possibility of establishing a cooperative relationship between our two institutes.
Please inform us at your earlier convenience of your schedule so that we can make appropriate arrangement for your visit.
We are looking forward to hearing from you. Sincerely yours, Da Chengde, Ph.D.
Director of Genetics Institute
Eastern University of Medical Sciences
这是东方医科大学遗传研究所所长达承德教授邀请美国佛吉尼亚大学生化系Brown教授来校进行学术交流的一封正式邀请信。 Informal Letter of Invitation
Dear Miss Smith, My brother Peter will be staying with us for a few days during the Christmas holidays and my wife and I have planned a family dimmer for him next Saturday evening at seven o’clock so that he can meet some of our friends. We should be delighted if you could join us. I hope you will let me know that you can come. Yours sincerely, Hillton
②. 祝贺信（Letters of Congratulations）
祝贺信主要就某事向对方表示祝贺，所以言辞要热情、真诚。其分正式和非正式。 Formal one
Language and Translation Journal Yaxhou Street, Dalian 116000
12 December, 2005
Wang Yue
English Department
Changchun Foreign Languages College 19 Dongnan Dajie
Changchun, Jilin 130000 P. R. of China
Dear Professor Wang,
Please find an enclosed copy of Language and Translation Volume 49, No. 2, May 2005. You will find the article written by you and your colleague Jiang Feng on Page 20 of the journal. Sincere congratulations on the publication of your article. We would like to thank you for submitting the article, and apologize for the late delivery of your copy. We hope you will continue to write for our journal and thank you again for your contribution to the journal. Yours sincerely, Zhang Ailing Editorial Assistant
这是《语言与翻译》杂志编辑写给作者的信，祝贺其文章在该杂志上发表。 Informal one
Dear Mr. / Ms,
On the occasion of the 35th anniversary of your National Day, please accept our heartiest congratulations. May the trade connections between our countries continue to develop with each passing day! Yours faithfully, Wang Wei
Useful sentence patterns and expressions
Congratulations and all the best wishes! 祝贺并致辞以最美好的祝愿。
Accept my heartfelt congratulations on your success / on winning a
scholarship…
All the luck in the world to you. 祝您幸运无比。 Many happy returns of the day! 祝您长寿！ It is a great pleasure to hear of your success.
③. 感谢信(Letters of Thanks)
感谢信是就某事向对方表示感谢, 要真诚、及时、不夸张。 Formal Letter
Dec. 24, 2006
Dear Professor Wang,
On behalf of my colleagues, I would like to thank you for your wonderful hospitality during our recent visit to your medical school. I must say that we were impressed by your achievements in the area of psychopathology.
I would be most pleased if you or any of your staff could visit us in the near future so that we could establish a substantial exchange program.
Again, thank you for your gracious hospitality.
Faithfully yours,
Andrew
Informal Letter
June. 8, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,
Thank you for your letter of June 4, enclosing an account of the organization and work of your Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
We are very grateful for such a detailed account of your activities. This information is certain to help increase our future cooperation. Yours faithfully, Liang Chao
Useful expressions
I’m sincerely grateful to you for your timely help.
May I take this opportunity to express my hearty thanks to you.
First, we’d like to thank you for your consideration and compliments. I greatly appreciate your generous spirit of cooperation.
I deeply appreciate your showing me so much consideration. We were delighted to receive your letter.
④. 道歉信(Letters of Apology)
道歉信中必须表达出：表示道歉、解释原因、表达承诺。 Formal Letter
July 1st, 2007 Dear Mr. / Ms,
I was very concerned when I received your letter of yesterday complaining that the central heating system in your new house had not been completed by the date promised. On referring to our earlier correspondence, I find that I had mistaken the date for
completion. The fault is entirely mine and I deeply regret that it should have occurred. I realize the inconvenience our oversight must be causing you and will do everything
possible to avoid any further delay. I have already given instructions for the work to have priority and the engineers working on the job to be placed on overtime. These arrangements should see the installation completed by next weekend. Yours faithfully, Wang Gang
Informal Letter
April 25, 2003
Dear Mr. / Ms,
We are sorry we cannot send you immediately the catalogue and price list for which you asked in your letter of March 10. Supplies are expected from the printers in two weeks and as soon as we receive them, we will send you a copy. Yours faithfully， Ann Johnson
⑤. 慰问信 （Letters of Condolence and Sympathy）
慰问信有两种：表同情安慰；表节日问候。言辞要真诚、简洁和委婉。
May 5, 2007 Dear Jerry,
We are greatly shocked to learn that you are knocked down by a truck while cycling back to the campus last night. How are you feeling today? We do hope that you are doing well after the operation on your injured leg. We are coming to see you on Saturday afternoon. With every good wish for your swift recovery!
Yours sincerely,
Members of Rm. 307
Useful expressions
It is with great sorrow that I hear of your illness. 闻悉贵体欠安，不胜心忧。
I should like to know you getting on now. 得知您身体逐渐恢复， 欣慰之至。
All of us are waiting for your return from hospital. 大家都期待着您早日病愈出院。 Take it easy, get all the rest and then come back to us hale and hearty, your old smiling self. 放松点， 尽量多休息，然后像从前一样精神抖擞，笑容满面的回到我们中间来。
⑥. 申请信（Letters of Application） 申请信主要用于申请入学资格、奖学金、工作职位时随履历寄给学校或聘方的附函（cover letter）。内容主要包括自己的愿望、能力、对申请职位的兴趣及能为聘方做出的特别贡献。一般分三段写：① 你的意图和你获取信息的来源渠道；② 概括和强调自己的实力；③ 自己的希望和要求。
Application Letter or Cover Letter for a Job（求职信）
April 12, 2005 Dear Sir / Madam,
Your advertisement for a Network Engineer on the April 10 China Daily interested me because the position that you described sounds exactly like the kind of job I am seeking.
According to the advertisement, your position requires a good university degree, Bachelor or above in Computer Science or equivalent field and proficient in Windows NT 4.0 and Linus System. I feel that I am competent to meet the requirements. I will be graduating from … university this year. My studies have included courses in computer control and management.
During my education, I have grasped the principles of my major subject area and gained practical skills. Not only have I passed CET-6, but more importantly, I can communicate fluently in English. My ability to write and speak English is a good standard.
I would welcome an opportunity to attend you for an interview.
Enclosed is my resume and if there is any additional information you require, please contact me.
Yours faithfully, Liu Ming
Application for Admission (入学申请)
Dear Sirs,
I would be most grateful if you would send me details of post-graduate study in information engineering which Columbia University may be offering to students from overseas. I majored in architecture and graduate from Tsinghua University in 2003. And I have studied English for 6 years up to advanced level.
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
Application for Scholarship (奖学金申请)
Dear Sir,
I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries. Would you please send me the necessary application forms and any further details about the scholarships?
I am a postgraduate student in Beijing Science and Engineering University. I major in microelectronics engineering, and do some research work during my study years. I hope to have a further study and continue to do my research work if I succeed in obtaining the engineering scholarship.
Enclosed please find two letters of recommendation and my score report card. Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to your reply. Respectfully yours, Ma Minghao
签证申请（Application for Visa）
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a student of Peking University. I am now writing for an entry visa to go to America for six months’ language training course.
I will be leaving Beijing on Dec. 20th, subject to the issue of the visa. I propose to arrive in NY on Dec. 20th and then I will leave for Beijing after six months. My address in NY will be Louise College.
The following supporting documents are enclosed:
1. The completed application form for an entry visa
2. My passport
3. A cheque for the visa fee
4. A registered, stamped, addressed envelope for return of the passport
Please let me know if you require any further information, I shall be happy to supply it.
Yours respectfully,
Liu Dong
⑦. 推荐信（Recommendation Letter）
推荐信包括：推荐人与被推荐人的关系；对被推荐人的认识时间和了解程度；被推荐人的能力；表明是极力推荐，一般推荐还是有所保留在推荐。 To Whom It May Concern,
Mr. Li Jian, a graduate of this college this year, is young, energetic and good at English and Physics. As a student, he distinguishes himself for his diligence, accuracy, integrity, and conscientiousness, discharge of every duty and has passed the final examination. With credit I cordially recommend him to any person in head of such service as he can perform.
Yours Truly, Chen Weigao President
⑧. 抱怨信
抱怨信要表达出抱怨的事项、原因和请求弥补的措施。
September 18, 2007 Dear manager,
I am writing to you about the digital camera I bought on Sep. 10 by shopping online. The digital camera worked perfectly for the first few days, but now it has gone wrong. Problems have emerged one after another. For one thing, the screen is always black. For another, the battery is distressing as it supports the camera’s operation for only one hour. You can just imagine how annoyed and how disappointed I am!
To resolve the problem, I would appreciate it if you could exchange it for another camera or refund me the full money.
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours, Wang Bin
商务信函范例
商务信函必须遵循的原则：7C，即清楚（clarity）, 简洁（conciseness）, 礼貌（courtesy）, 完整（completeness）, 具体（concreteness）, 准确（correctness）和体谅（consideration)。 商务信函的种类：建立业务关系；询价与回复；报价；订单；合同；投诉与索赔。 ①. 建立业务关系(Letters of Establishing Business Relations)
此信的主体包括三部分内容：开头 （介绍得知新客户的信息来源及你写信的意图）；主体（介绍你的公司及业绩）；结尾 （期待合作和回信）
Aug. 8, 2007 Gentlemen，
As your name and address are listed in Trade Directory and Telephone Book, we are writing to you with a desire to open an account with you.
We are one of the leading exporters from the United Kingdom, of a wide range
of electrical goods. We have enjoyed an excellent reputation through fifty years’ business experience. We are sure that you will be quite satisfied with our services and the qualities of our goods. We enclose a catalogue and price list for your reference and trust some of the items listed will be of interest to you.
We would be very much interested in receiving your inquiries, against which we shall be happy to send you our quotations.
We are looking forward to your early favorable reply.
Yours faithfully, Steve Colon
②. 询价与回复（Letters of Inquiry and Reply）
询价信包括三部分内容：介绍你的公司和产品；陈述你的目的和你的要求；期待早日回复。对询价的回复应先表感谢，再对所要求的项目作出明确答复，最后表达愿望. 询价信
October 12, 2003 Dear sir / madam:
We are one of the leading companies dealing in dairy products. We note you from the advertisement you put in China Daily and are very interested in handling these articles in our market.
Will you please send us by airmail catalogues, sample books and all necessary information regarding your products? If we find your products satisfactory and your prices and compare favorably with those of other suppliers, you can be sure of a sizable order from us.
We are looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely, John Smith
回复信
December 6, 2006
Dear Mr. David Johnson,
Thanks for your inquiry of my products. I am so glad that you are interested in them. I
have been providing better quality services to our customers. If your needs amount to a certain degree and we will consider to give you a discount. We would appreciate it if you contact me immediately after choosing our products and here the catalog and price list is enclosed.
Sincerely yours,
Peter Kevil
③. 投诉与索赔（Complaints about and Claim for short weight）
投诉与索赔包括：① 陈述问题； ② 提出问题所造成的不便和合理要求；③ 希望问题得到圆满解决。 投诉产品质量问题
Dear Sirs,
Recently, we received a lot of complaints about your watches. Customers complained that your watches stopped working frequently, and went now slowly, now quickly.
After careful examination, we found with surprise and disappointment that your watches do not match with the sample supplied by you. We are not satisfied with the poor quality of the watches, and in some cases we have had to refund the purchase price(退款). As a result, we have lost plenty of time and have been put to considerable expense for cleaning bills.
Enclosed is a copy of the inspection certificate from our Quality Control Department. Please put the matter right at once, letting us know what we are to do with the unsold balance of 100 dozens of watches. Shall we return them to you or hold them at your disposal?
Yours faithfully, Walter Miller
索赔信
Claim for Short Weight
Dear Sirs,
1500 cartons of canned mushroom under the contract No.FA1770845 have been shipped to Anterwep by “YONGFENG” steamer on 10th Sept. When taking the delivery, 145 cartons have been found missing. We were told by the shipping company that only 1355 cartons had been shipped on the steamer. Because the weight is short in large quantities, please make up a deficiency of 145 cartons of the missing goods when you deliver the last three items. You are kindly requested to check whether these 1500 cartons of mushroom were loaded on ship in whole at the port of shipment. Please reply by cable.
Yours truly
Calvin Clein
General Manager
Frequently used expressions in business letter writing
We have read your ads. in … and have pleasure in establishing business relations with you. On the recommendation of …we have learned with pleasure the name of your firm. We are writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you. Our latest price and catalogue will be sent to you upon request. Many thanks for your enquiry of …
It was a pleasure to hear from you that you are interested in …
If you can guarantee regular supplies, and the quality and prices are competitive, we will place a big order with you.
We hear that you have put … on the market and should be glad to have full details.
2．简历（Resume）
简历（Resume or Curriculum Vitae）是求职信中必须附加的部分。
? 写简历的基本原则：展现自己的优势和特长；提供能吸引雇主的信息；格式美观，语言
妥贴，长度适中； ? 简历基本结构：
①个人资料： 姓名、地址、电话、Email、性别、出生日期 ②事业目标： 工作目标、职业申请、期望职位
③教育背景： 从最高学位开始；对刚大学毕业的学生，应列出其掌握的知识和技能及
所修课程。
④工作经历： 对已有工作经历的人，其工作经历应列在教育背景之前。
⑤专长和业绩：例：Advanced Worker Of National Education(全国高教系统先进工作者)；
Excellent Prize Winner at Provincial Final of the 2005 “CCTV Cup” English Speaking Contest (获2005年“CCTV杯”全国英语演讲大赛省级赛区优胜奖)
⑥推荐人： 提供两到三位推荐人，有资格核证履历内容。 ? 简历的页面设计：有顶格式、居中式和混合式。 例1：
You are required to write a RESUME according to the following instructions given in Chinese. 王强， 1979年8月8日出生于山东青岛，未婚，身体健康。爱好音乐、运动、上网。于1998~2002年在山东大学计算机系学习，获理学士学位。2002~2006年在青岛光明软件公司做程序员。欲申请计算机软件开发工程师工作。
联系地址：青岛市鱼山路27号，邮编：266071 联系电话：0532-88567888 证明人：备索 Words for reference:
理学学士Bachelor of Science (B.S.); 程序员programmer; 计算机软件开发computer software development
RESUME
Job objective: an engineer in computer software development Personal data:
Name: Wang Qiang Date of birth: August 8, 1979 Place of birth: Qingdao, Shandong Province Marital status: Single Health: excellent Address: No. 27 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266071 Tel.: 0532-88567888 Working experience: 2002-2006, Qingdao Guangming Software Co., Programmer Education: 1998-2002, B.S. Degree, Department of Computer Science, Shandong University
Major: Computer Science
Interests: music, sports and surfing the Internet Reference: available upon request 3. 通知（Announcement / Notice）
通知一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。正文包括事件、时间、地点、人物和相关事项。 例1：
Announcement
Dear examinees,
As you know, due to unfortunate circumstances, ETS (Educational Testing Service) was
forced to cancel the scores of the October 2002 TOEFL administration in the P.R.C. At that time, you were notified that you would be able to take another TOEFL without charge up through the October 2003 administration. You should be aware that the TOEFL program has a long standing policy of not refunding test fees when administrations are cancelled.
We apologize for any inconvenience that this may cause to you.
Russell Webster Executive Director TOEFL Program 例2：
A Class Notice
February 18, 2006
The university will provide 11 elective English courses for all doctorial candidates and master degree students in the new semester. Please select your favorite courses and register within the first two weeks of the semester. The classes will begin from the third week. Please pay special attention to the time and location of the classes of your choices.
Graduate School, Shandong University
例3：海报（Poster） On China’s Entry into WTO Speaker: Prof. Zhang Jianmin Professor of Economics, Beijing University Date: Thursday, Oct. 10 Time: 2:30 p.m. Place: Auditorium All Are Welcome! 4. 便函（Memos / memorandums）
便函和备忘录通常用于公司内部传递信息，将实情、信息、观察资料等进行传阅, 故要求简洁明朗. 其分为抬头(heading) 和正文(body)两部分。 Formal Memos
To: All Faculty Members
From: Gong Zheng, Chairperson Subject: Meeting Date: Feb. 20, 2008
Since the beginning of the new semester will start on March 7th, there will be a meeting on February 20th. With the Entire Faculty to plan our new schedule, please come to discuss your ideas about our teaching plan. 1) Allocating teaching duties 2) Planning online teaching
3) Preparing multimedia teaching programs 4) Organizing individualized learning activities
5. 便条 （Note）
便条是一种简短信函。它的形式比一般书信简单，多使用非正式语体。写便笺时要写清楚以下几项：时间、人名、事由 留言条（Leaving a Message）
Wednesday, 21st March Dear Prof. Rainman,
I’m sorry I couldn’t make our 11 o'clock appointment. Prof. Wolf's lecture lasted a lot longer than I expected. I could meet you in the library Reading Room 4 tomorrow at 10, if that is convenient for you. If not, please leave a note in my mailbox ＃334, this afternoon. Thank you, Elizabeth
请假条（Asking for Leave）
7:30 a.m. Tuesday
Dear Mr. David，
I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness. I am enclosing herewith a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study. I will go back to school as soon as I am well. Sincerely yours, Peter
6. 广告（Advertisement）
三级考试中常考查招聘广告的形式。其用语简洁，多用省略句和独立结构。但广告中的聘用条件、职位描述、联系方式必须表达清楚。
例：Whirlpool 是一家著名的生产和经营家用电器的公司，总部在天津，在全国有20多家分公司。我公司现招聘销售经理一人。 条件：
中国公民，年龄35~40；销售学，经济学或相关领域的大专文凭；具有至少5年的销售管理经验；具有良好的英语会话和写作能力；愿意经常出差；熟练掌握计算机技能；有意者请拨打电话24876669 与Mr. John Smith联系。
Wanted
Whirlpool corporation is a famous manufacturer and marketer of electrical home appliances, with its headquarters in Tianjin. It has more than 20 branches over the country. The company is/ we are seeking for one sales manager now.
Qualifications:
① Chinese citizen, aged 35~40
② With college diploma in Marketing and Economics or related fields ③ At least 5 years’ experience in sales management ④ Proficient in English speaking and writing ⑤ Willing to travel on business frequently ⑥ Good at using a computer
Those interested please contact Mr. John Smith at 2487-6669.
征稿启事（Contributions Wanted）
内容：1）本报的主要对象为我公司员工；出版日期为每个月的15号。
2）欢迎下列各种形式和体裁的稿件：
各部门情况的报道；对我公司生产、销售、产品推广的意见和建议；员工业余生活 3）来稿请勿超过1000字；英文稿要求电子版； 4) 来稿如不采用，三个月内退还作者； 5) 联系人：林月
6) 联系地址：公司公共关系部
Contributions Wanted
1) We mainly service for our company employee. Publishing day is on every month 15. 2) All kinds of forms and contents as following are wanted: a. The report about every department situation.
b. Every opinion and suggestion for the company’s manufacture, distribution and products.
c. You can write something about employee’s spare time life, all that are available.
d. In addition, you can also write some ARTICLES, which you are interested in or like to.
3) Every draft does not over 1000 words. The paper written in English needs to be typed.
4) We will return the paper to you within three months if we do not accept it. 5) If you have any question, please contact Mr. Lin Yue.
7. 电子邮件和传真（Email and Fax）
电子邮件主要包括收件人的邮箱地址，内容主题和主体内容。长信息可通过附件发送。 Email
To: marylin@hotmail.com Subject: ELT conference Hi Mary,
I just want to inform you of a conference on English Language Teaching held in Beijing this June. Hope you can attend the meeting. Therefore we can have the chance to meet each other and get together with our friends in Beijing. Please refer to the attachment for detailed information about the meeting. John
Fax
传真的特点是快捷、方便和真实。正式的传真一般包括封面页和内容页。
8. 合同（contract）
You are required to design a CONTRACT according to the following terms given in Chinese. Chongqing Isuzu Auto. Co., Ltd. is going to employ Miss Makyo Segawa as their Marketing Manager in Japan.
a. 聘期三年，自2007年10月1日 起至2010年9月30日止 b. 每周工作五天，每天8小时（上午8：30至下午5：30） c. 主要职责为广告宣传和开拓日本市场
d. 启动工资为年薪$30000附加汽车和医疗保险费。第二年年工资增加至$50000 e. 如有变动，须提前一月通知对方。 Words for reference:
广告宣传 advertising 开拓市场 marketing Chongqing Isuzu Auto. Co., Ltd.
8 Zhongliangshan Chongqing, 400050 CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
1. This period of service is fixed to be three calendar years commencing on 2007/10/1
and ending on 2010/9/30
2. Working hours are from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30p.m. from Monday to Friday. 3. The duties are advertising and marketing products in Japan.
4. The start salary will be $30000 per year plus car and full medical insurance. In the
second year, this will rise to $50000.
5. One month notice is required by either party.
Liu Wei (signature) Makyo Segawa (signature)
Personnel Manager Employee Chongqing Isuzu Auto. Co., Ltd.
Sep. 20, 2007 Sep. 20, 2007
9. 图表作文
图表作文有表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）之分，后三种都是属于图表的范畴（chart）。图表作文结构一般分为三段：描述图表、分析解释原因、结论或评论。 ? 首段：描述图表
描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量（A），每个变量有几个数据（B），不妨以A*B表示。如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下：
From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on
Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.
如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下：
From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state-owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period. 常用的描述用法
The table / chart diagram / graph shows (that) … According to the table/chart diagram / graph … As (is) shown in the table / chart diagram / graph …
As can be seen from the table / chart / diagram / graph / figures… The bar chart illustrates that…… ? 第二段：解释原因
首先是过渡句问题；其次就是此段的主题句(topic sentence)的问题。此句或主观或客观并无拘束，只要上下文风格统一即可。
主观：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows. 主观之变体（使用插入语，突显主语）：
Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon. 客观：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
在主题句之后，可以使用连接词分两个、三个或四个方面来写，其中分三个方面来写最为常见。这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了。可以由最重要的到最不重要的，也可以由最不重要的到最重要的，也可能平行分布，依具体情况而定。 ? 第三段的写作
第三段一般不直接写结论。对令人担忧的问题写解决办法；对于某种变化可能写负面的影响或存在的问题，或者写未来趋势或发展方向。 例1：
该城市大学生购买英语资料的年人均投入
时间
年人均投入
90年代初 60元
2003年 170元
1． 上图为某城市90年代初和2003年大学生购买英语资料变化图，请描述图表内容。 2． 解释发生以上变化的原因。 3． 我的看法。
Annual Expenses on Learning English
The pie charts show us the proportion comparison of English materials purchase made by the college students in X city in the early 1990s and in 2003. in 2003 there are more new choices for students, like Internet(10%) and CD/VCD (30%). In the early 1990s there were only tapes (33%) and reference books (67%). At the same time, the other table shows that the average expenditure on English materials have increased from 60 yuan in the early 1990s to 170 yuan in 2003. From these two graphs, we learn that there are more choices of materials on English learning and students spend more money on it.
Some reason scans explain this trend. First, many students realize the importance of learning English. It has become an international language. Second, since China entered WTO, learning English has become more popular. It is difficult to find a decent job without fluent English
communicating skills. Third, as science and technology have been developed so fast, these latest English learning facilities have already been proved far more useful and effective than the traditional books.
In my opinion, this growing trend might continue as more and more college students realize the importance of having a good command of English. 例2：
Changes in People’s Diet
In the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s diet. Grain, the staple food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in people’s diet, while the consumption of high quality food, such as meat and milk has increased.
There are two reasons, I think, for the changes. First, people now have more money. In the old days, often people could not afford meat and milk whose price was only within the reach of well-to-do families. But now people have enough money to buy them. Second, people of today pay more attention to nutrition. They want to eat not only more but also better. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will be good for their health.
In short, with the improvement of people’s living standard, changes in their diet will be more obvious and great.
10. 议论文
议论文三要素： 论点、论据、论证 考试类型有三类： ? 表明观点型：
直接表明观点: Explain the roles that scientists play in society.
在两个观点中选择一个进行表达: As a young scientist, which life would you prefer to live:
common or uncommon? Why?
? 比较分析型：
比较两个立场之后确定自己的立场
The advantages and disadvantages of cell phones
The advantages and disadvantages of college enrollment expansion ? 原因结果型：
讨论某一现象的根源或者其后果
What effects that popularity of computer knowledge will bring about?
What do you think of the phenomenon that raising pets is becoming more and more popular
in today’s society. 写作模式
一般分三段: 引言段、正文、结尾段
? 引言段(Introductory Paragraph)：引出文章主题并阐明主题同时表明作者的观点。
该段常用套路：
A proverb says: … It goes without saying that …
An old saying goes: … It is (quite) clear that … because… As the proverb says: … It is often said that… As we all know, ……. Generally speaking, … 例：
①. An English proverb says: “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and
wise.” This saying is indeed full of truth. We should regard it as our motto.
②. Generally speaking, men who possess knowledge are more powerful than those without
knowledge. In other words, the educated class always plays a more important role than ignorant people in society. This is an unchangeable truth.
③. When asked about the biggest problem today, many people say that it is the serious energy
crisis. They are afraid that the world will soon run out of oil and run short of food. But other people hold different views. They regard it as a natural result of the economic development and believe it will be only solved with further advances in economy and technology.
④. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college students’
doing a part-time job. Those who object to it argue that students should not spend their precious time in this way. But people who advocate it, on the other hand, claim that by taking a major-related part-time job or summer job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, which they can not get from the textbooks. ? 正文(Main Body): 围绕引言段提出的问题，给出相关依据并论述主题。该段一般通过几
个主题句（main ideas）来扩展段落。常用的套路： 常用于第一个推展段落开头的字词：
1. Everybody knows that… 2. It can be easily seen that… 3. It is true that… 4. No one can deny that… 5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…
6. The chief reason why… is that… 7. We must recognize that… 8. There is no doubt that… 9. I am of the opinion that…
10. In recent years, many cities (countries) have been faced with the serious problem of … 常用于第二个推展段落开头的字词（语气与第一个推展段不同或相反）： Another special consideration in this case is that… But the problem is not so simple. Therefore …
Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I believe that… On the other hand ....… Perhaps you’ll question why …
There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to … Though we are in basic agreement with … what seems to be the trouble is … Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…
? 结尾段（Concluding Paragraph）: 归纳正文的观点，重申主题。
常用于结尾段的字词：
From this point of view, …/ In a word,… / In conclusion,…/ To sum up,…
On account of this we can find that …/ Taking into account all these factors, we can say… Therefore, these findings reveal the following information: … Thus, this is the reason why we must …
In summary, it is important (essential, vital, necessary, urgent) that we should(must) …
From what has been discussed (mentioned) above, we may safely (reasonably) arrive at (come to, reach, draw) the conclusion that…
Judging from all the evidence offered, … 例：
1) In conclusion, country life is more beneficial than city life. In other words, it is more
important for people to live a happy, serene, and healthy life than that of an exciting, nervous, and unhealthy existence.
2) From this point of view, English is really a very useful instrument to us. Why don’t we
double our efforts to learn it well?
3) In a word, we should get into the good habit of saving time. Do not put off what can be
done today until tomorrow. Laziness will not only bring us failure but also lead us to the road of poverty. 议论文范例
1．What Attitude Should We Take to Money
1) With the arrival of market-based economy, money is becoming more and more important in our life. 2) Hit with this trend, many people come to believe that money is above everything else in their life. 3) But their belief could not arouse any echo in my mind.
4) It is true that money is a key ingredient in one’s struggle towards happiness, without which, for example, there would be no way to go to college or form a family. 5) On any scale of one’s daily worry, in fact, there is almost nothing heavier than money. 6) If we see it in its true colors, however, money is nothing but a means to an end. 7) Money can buy us food, but not appetite; medicine, but not health; diplomas, but not knowledge; and days of joy, but not the whole life of happiness. 8) And moreover, laying any undue stress on money may lead one to stop at nothing in making it, as can be easily seen in the cases of most corrupt officials.
9) Therefore, it is necessary to take a correct attitude towards money. 10) On the one hand, money is vital to our daily life, in which case, it is wise of you to spend not where you may save. 11) On the other, money is something to be plowed into something more important, so it is better to spare not where you must spend. 12) In sum, money means something but not everything to our life.
2．The advantage and disadvantage of cell phone
Nowadays, with the rapid development of society and technology, cell phones are playing an increasingly significant part in our daily life and work. They have become an important tool for us to communicate with each other. I cannot imagine what will happen if we suddenly lose them. But merits and demerits usually exist together.
Generally, the strong point can be listed as follows. First, it is convenient to contact each other by cell phones. Whenever it is and wherever you are, you can communicate with the person you want to talk to. If you want to save money, you can also send the short messages to achieve the same purpose. Secondly, thanks to the cell phones, we do not have to look for the phone boxes everywhere, thus, much time can be saved. We do not need to worry whether we can respond to our friends immediately.
But advantages usually go hand in hand with disadvantages. For example, we sometimes lose freedom and our leisure time because of its ring will disturb us. Even worse, when we use the cell phones, we cannot avoid being exposed to the radiation from them. It is armful to our health for the frequent exposition will cause brain cancer.
To conclude, whether favorable or unfavorable, the trend that cell phones are becoming more and more popular is irreversible in at least a few decades ahead. Therefore, steps should be taken to reduce their weak points to a minimum.
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