没有选择，没有焦虑。 【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“ But for a good many people in the world，in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. ”但对世界上许多人来说，在富裕和贫穷的国家，选择是一种奢侈，是一种美妙但很难得到的东西，而不是一种权利。可知，选择的实践过程是很难的。故选A。 【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.”容易获得广泛的日常商品导致许多人的无力感，结束在顾客放弃和离开，或者只是买一个不是真正想要的不合适的商品。可知，购物者可能会发现自己在各种各样的商品中损失了。故选B。 【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Advances in design and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. ”可知，日益更新的产品源源不断地涌入市场，尤其电脑产品更是如此。故选A。 【11题详解】
主旨大意题。A项为“现代社会中选择的多样性”；B项为“在不同国家关于人民权利的不同看法”；C项为“关于日用品使用的一些问题”，这些都不符合原文中心，D项为“购买决定的无助感”，符合文章主题，故选C。
D
Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard，maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm\a quiet period just before a great activity or. excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to say..
A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main updraft, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.
As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum（真 空）coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour（水蒸汽）in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.
This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air gets spit out（被挤出）at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.
Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm,让 might be really windy!
12. Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm? A. A thunderstorm with a single shape. B. A thunderstorm without strong winds.
C. A storm with air drawn from every directi on. D. A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.
13. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Cold and dry air. C. Cold and damp air.
B. Warm and dry air. D. Warm and damp air.
14. Which does the writer most likely agree to?
A. Presence of the calm relies on stable air. B. Not all thunderstorms start with the calm.
C. The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be. D. Storm happens without air moving up and down. 15. What is the passage mainly about? A. Causes and effects of a heavy storm. B. A brief description of a peaceful storm. C. A personal experience of a heavy storm. D. An explanation of the calm before a storm. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【分析】
本文为自然现象类说明文。文章揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。 【12题详解】
细节理解题。第二段中特定的暴风雨指的是一种简单的单细胞雷暴。而并非指简单形状，故排除A。根据第二段最后一句Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.可知雷暴能够从周围任何一个方向吸进自己所需的暖湿空气。故选C。 【13题详解】
代词指代题。第三段中The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour(水蒸汽) in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain.提到由于暖湿空气被吸进雷暴中，雷暴经过之处就形成了低气压真空带。正在上升的暖湿气流遇到雷暴云层中原本就存在的干燥冷空气，此时暖湿空气的温度下降，暖湿空气中的水分凝结成小的水滴，这就是雨水形成的前提。所以可知，代词it代指“暖湿空气”。故选D。 【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm.可知大多数的雷暴来临前并不是一片宁静。而当有很多气流频繁上下流动时，暴风雨来临前毫无平静可言可知C、D不正确。故选B。 【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”， often used in a situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to say.及全文内容可知，文章主要揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。故选D。
【点睛】考查阅读理解主旨大意题时，需要注意排除绝对化或片面的选项，要放眼全文，从首段和末段寻找文章的主旨大意。小题4就是根据文章首段第一段There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”， often used in a situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to say.及全文内容可知，文章主要揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We are surrounded by messages trying to get our attention. Advertisers, politicians and other groups all try to get us to agree with them. ___16___ Propaganda is not always a bad thing, but it often hides the truth about a topic. Its very similar to advertising, whose goal is to get people to buy something, while propaganda is to change what people believe.
Propaganda Techniques
To create propaganda, a common technique is name-calling. A politician might call someone a traitor or liar, which makes the other person look bad. Another is the trend technique. People want to be on the side in the favor. ___17___， Some propaganda is based on fear. It scares people into choosing a certain side or taking action, which might not be bad. Anti—smoking campaigns are one example. They may scare people into thinking that if they smoke, they will get cancer.
___18___
Propaganda is used by many groups, such as businesses, politicians and the
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