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2018年中考英语语法知识点总结(绝对精品)

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in 主要表达周、月、季节、年代;泛指上午、下午、晚上。 on 主要表示具体的某一天,也可表示某一天的某个时候。 at 表示某一时刻。 ③ for, since 表时间的区别

for + 一段时间 since + 时间点 / 句子 ④ to,past,pass表时间的区别

to 介词,大于30分钟时, 表示―差‖。 ten to seven 6:50 past介词,小于30分钟时, 表示―过‖。 ten past six 6:10 pass 动词,表示―经过,过去‖。 He passed by me.

考点2 表示地点和方位的介词

① above, over, on 在……上面

above 在……上方 (与物体表面不接触)。 over 在……正上方 (与物体表面不接触)。 on 在……上面 (与物体表面接触)。 ② through, across, cross 穿过

through 介词,纵穿(从空间穿过)。 The soldiers went through the forest. across 介词,横穿(横过某个平面)。 He is walking across the street. cross 动词,横穿(横过某个平面)。 = He is crossing the street. ③ among, between 在……之间

among 在(三者或三者以上)之间;between 在(两者)之间。常用词组: between…and… ④ in, on, to

in 表示在范围之内(属于该范围);on 表示与某一地区接壤; to 表示隔海相望。 如: Guangdong is in the south of China. (广东属于中国)

Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (广东不属于湖南,但与湖南是毗邻关系) Japan is to the east of China. (日本不属于中国,而且隔海相望) ⑤ 表方位的介词 on, in, behind, after

on 表示在某人、某物的左边或右边 in 用来表示在第几排 behind 用来表示在……之后 after 表示顺序

考点3:其他介词的用法

① except, besides

except ―除去‖,表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在内的。

besides ―除……以外还有‖,表示包括后面所提到的人或物在内的。 ② with 介词,表示―用(工具)‖。 We walk with our feet. in 介词,表示―用(材料、语言、声音)‖。 Can you say it in English? use 动词,―用‖。 May I use your dictionary?

by 介词,表示―以……方式、方法、手段‖,或表交通工具。

考点4 固定搭配

agree with 同意 arrive at / in 到达 at once 立刻 at the same time 同时 at the age of 在…岁时 be angry with 升…的气 be good at / do well in擅长于 be interested in 对…感兴趣 be late for 迟到 be strict with 对…严格 by the way 顺便说 on one’s way to… 在…的路上 by mistake 错误地 catch up with 赶上 cheer up 使…高兴 come up with 提出 depend on 依靠 be different from 与…不同 fall off 掉下来 get along with与…相处 hear of 听说 hear from 收到…来信 help with 帮助 in public 在公共场合 in trouble 处于困境中 in surprise 惊奇地 in time 及时 learn from 向…学习 laugh at 嘲笑 make friends with 与…交朋友 on foot 步行 regard as 把…当作 to one’s surprise 使…惊奇的是 with a smile 微笑着 ④ on the wall 紧贴在墙表面上的,表示―在墙上‖。 in the wall 镶嵌在墙里的,表示―在 墙上‖。

⑤ on the tree 长在树上的果、叶等,表示―在树上‖。 in the tree 外来的东西,表示―在 树上‖。

⑥ with的意思是―有‖,表示伴随; without的意思是―没有‖。

③ in front of 在……的前面 (物体外面的前面)。in the front of 在……的前部 (物体里面 的前面)

连词

考点1 并列连词的基本用法

(1) 表示平行关系的词有:and(和,又,而),or (或者,否则),either…or (不是……就是;

要么……要么) both…and(两者……都), not only …but also (不仅……而且), neither…nor (既不……也不), as well as (也,而且)

如:You should do some housework. You can either clean the room or wash the dishes.

The boy is not only naughty but also clever. = The boy is naughty as well as clever.

(2) 表示转折关系的词有:though / although (虽然),even if (即使),but(但是), yet(然而),

while(而),however (然而)

如:Though he is very tired, he is still practising the piano. I like English, but he doesn't.

(3) 表示因果关系的词:because, since(由于, 既然),for (因为), as(由于,鉴于), so (所

以),

如:It's raining so hard, so I can't go home now.

Since you have a bad cold, you needn't go to school today. As it was late, I had to go.

注意:because 与 so, though / although 与but不能同时出现在一个句子里。

如:Though he is very old, he still works = He is very old , but he still works

考点2 从属连词的基本用法

(1) 引导时间状语从句的词有:when(当……时候), while(当……时候), after(在……之后),

before(在……之前), as soon as(一……就), until(直到),since(自从), as(一边……一边), till/until(直到……才)

注意: 区别when(当……时候)和while(当……时候): 如:I was doing my homework when my mother came back. = While I was doing my homework, my mother came back. (2) so that / in order that + 句子 (为了,(以便),) so + 形容词/副词 + that…(如此……以致);

such +(a / an)+ 形容词 + 名词 + that…(如此……以致)

注意:当名词前面有many, much, few, little 修饰时,则用―so‖,不用 ―such‖。 如:Tom is so clever that he learns Chinese very well.

He has so little money that he can't buy the bike. Jim sat in front so that he could hear the teacher clearly.

动词

考点1 常考动词短语

1.. care for/about 喜欢,照顾(病人) 3. cheer up 使振奋;使高兴起来 5. come on 加油;快点 7. come true 实现;达到 2. catch up with 赶上;追上 4. close to 靠近 6. come out 出来,出版,长出 8. come up with 提出;想出 9. fall asleep = go to sleep 入睡 11. finish doing 做完某事 13. get along/on with 15. get off 下车 17. get ready for 为……准备 19. give away 赠送 21. give out 发出 (气味、热等);分发 23. hand in 上交,交纳 25. hear about/of 听说 27. help oneself to sth. 请随便吃点 29. look up 查找 31. make friends with 33. make progress 与……交友 取得进步 与……相处 10. find out 寻找;查找 12. fix up 修理 14. get back 回来 16. get on 上车 18. get up 起来 20. give in 屈服,让步 22. give up 放弃; 抛弃 24. hand out 分发; 发放 26. hear from sb. 收到……的来信 28. look through 浏览 30. look over (医生) 检查 32. make mistakes 犯错;出错 34. make up one's mind to do 下决心 36. sb. pay for 付款 38. put away 整理,收起来 40. put out 熄灭 42. put off 推迟 44. run after 追,追赶 46. run out (of) = use up 用完,耗尽 48. set up 建立,创立,开办 50. turn down / up / on /off 调小/调大/打开/关掉 35. mix up 混淆,搅匀 37. pick up 捡起,开车去接…… 39. put on 穿上 41. put up 张贴、公布 43. ring up 打电话给 45. run away 逃跑,失控 47. try on 试穿 49. stay up 不去睡,熬夜 考点2 动词的分类 (1 实义动词

又称为行为动词,表示事物的动作和状态,在句中能独立作谓语。它又分为及物动词和 不及物动词。及物动词后面可跟宾语,如:like, see, watch, bring等。不及物动词 后面不能直接接宾语,如:happen, run, stand等。

如:I like English. I am reading an interesting book. He is running. The story happened on a rainy night. (2) 连系动词

又称为系动词,不能直接作谓语。常考的系动词有:be, become, get, turn, look, smell, sound, taste, feel, keep, seem, grow 等。

注意:系动词不能有被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。 如:He looked very excited. The fish smelt delicious.

(3) 助动词

没有实际意义,只能和实义动词一起连用,在句中帮助提问和否定以及构成相应的时态 和语态。常用的助动词有:be, do, will, have 等。

如:How do you go to school? He has lived here for three years. (4) 情态动词

表示讲话人的态度、请求、愿望、可能等。本身具有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面必须跟动词原形。常用的情态动词有:may, can, must, should, need, have to 等。

常用情态动词一览表

原形 should may 过去式 / might 词义 应该 ① 可以,允许 例句 We should study hard. —May I smoke here? —Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't / can’t . ② 可能 (用于肯定句) ③ 表祝愿 can could ① 许可表示许可时 = may ② 表示能力时 = —Can you dance? be able to ③ 可能 (用于否定句和疑问句 ) Must / ① 必须(强调主观看法) ② 一定 (用于肯定句) ③ mustn’t 表示禁止,不允许 have to had to ① 不得不(强调客观需要 ) I have to leave now. It's too late. —Yes, I can. / No, I can't. The man can't be Mr. Zhang. He has gone to Beijing. —Must we finish the work at once? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. The French book must be Jim's. Only he is learning French now. We mustn't play ball games in the street. May you be happy. You can sit here. Jim didn't come to school. He may be ill.

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