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Step 1学习目标 1. 复习定语从句
①含有介词的定语从句 ②非限制性定语从句 ③定语从句与同位语从句的区别 2. 掌握非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法 Step 2 教材原句呈现
Xie Lei, ______________________, has come to our university to study for a business qualification.
She is halfway through the preparation year, ____________________________________ _____________________________.
Living with host families, ______________________________________________, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. Step 3 认知理解
一、非限制性定语从句
定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，两者之间有如下区别:
1. 限制性定语从句
①在意义上与先行词关系密切，是不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
②从句和主句的关系十分密切不用逗号分开，关系代词有时可以省略。 【例句】 The Great Wall is a place (that) I’ve always wanted to travel. 2. 非限制性定语从句
①从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚;
②从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。用来引导非限制性定语从句的有关系代词which， who， whom， whose和关系副词where，when等，而that一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句。
【例句】 Mum bought me a computer as my birthday present，which was just what I longed for. 3. 比较:
A) He has two sisters who are studying abroad. a) He has two sisters，who are studying abroad.
B) She will wear no clothes which will make her different from others. b) She will wear no clothes，which will make her different from others. 二?非限制性定语从句引导词的选择 1. 关系代词的选择
(1)非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人时，如果引导词作主语要用who，作宾语要用whom;指物时要用which。在句中，即使引导词用来作宾语也不能省略中。 (2)as和which的选择
as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which在从句中作主语?宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。（但作主语时，最好是用which。）
【例句】
He failed in the exam, which/as was natural. (作主语) He is an honest boy, which/as anybody can see. (作宾语) The man seemed a German, which/as in fact he was. (作表语)
但要注意以下区别: ①如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或位于主句之中时，只能用as。
【例句】 As we have seen，oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth. This kind of computer，as is well-known，is out of date. 【考题链接】
1. ________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What
2. _____ is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London. A. It B. What C. As D. Which 3. _____ is known to us all that the 2016 Olympic Games will take place in Brazil. A. It B. What C. As D. Which
②as在从句中作主语，后面常接行为动词的被动式;which在从句中作主语，后常接行为动词的主动式。
【例句】 She has been late again，as was expected.
It rained hard yesterday，which prevented me from going to the park.
③当从句和主句语意一致时用as，意为“正如”;反之用which。
【例句】 The thief came again，as was expected. (语意一致) The elephant is like a snake，which is not right. (语意不一致) ④as常用在 as often happens， as was pointed out， as was said above， as I remember，
as I understand等结构中。
【例句】 Jack has won the first prize，as often happens. 【考题链接】用as或which填空：
1）Tom passed the driving test, ________made his parents very happy. 2) Tom passed the driving test, ________we had expected. 3) ________we had expected, Tom passed the driving test.
4) Global warming, ________ we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters. 2. 关系代词和关系副词的选择
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样。即引导词在从句中作主语?宾语?表语?定语时，用关系代词;作状语时用关系副词。 【考题链接】
As a child, Jack studied in a village school, __ _ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 三、含有介词的定语从句
在使用定语从句时，可以使用适当的介词加关系代词，这种结构可以起到关系副词的作用。
（一）介词的选用
1. 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the book on which I spent/for which I paid 8 yuan. 2. 根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。
I remember the month in which I stayed there.
【考题链接】 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us ________we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which （二）介词可后移，关系代词可省略
The person to whom you'll write is Mr Smith.=
The person(whom/that/who)you'll write to is Mr Smith.
（三）介词位于从句句首时，其后不用 that 或 who,只能用 which(指物)或 whom （指人），且不能省略 （四）定语从句中的谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词要放在动词之后，动词短语不能拆开
This is the baby after whom you will look.（×） This is the baby whom you will look after.（√）
（五）the + 名词 + of + 关系代词,常用的关系代词：which, whom
意义特点：这一结构中的名词和它后面的关系代词存在所属关系 【例句】I bought a book, the cover of which is red. 【考题链接】
1. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
2. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ the roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what （六）部分单词/结构 + of + 关系代词
常用关系代词：which, whom 常用单词/结构： ①all, both, none, neither, either, many, most, few, several, enough, half, some, any, one, two, three, etc.
② 数词（基数词、序数词、百分数、分数） ③ the + 形容词比较级/最高级
【例句】 Here are two pairs of socks, either of which you may choose.
The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old. 【易错点】关系代词、人称代词和指示代词的选择
选用关系代词还是人称代词，关键是弄清句子结构。如果是非限制性定语从句(两句中间用逗号隔开，且无连词)，用关系代词; 如果是并列句(全句中有连词，两句中间用句号或分号隔开)，用人称代词或指示代词。
【例句】
He has three sons，none of whom is a doctor. He has three sons，who are doctors.
He has three sons，but none of them is a doctor. He has three sons; they are doctors. He has three sons. They are doctors. 【考题链接】
1. There were many students waiting at the school gate, _________wearing school uniform. A. each was B. each of whom C. all of them D. all of whom
2. There were many students waiting at the school gate, _________ was wearing school uniform.
A. each B. each of whom C. all of them D. all of whom 四、定语从句与同位语从句的区别 1. 句子功能不同
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。
【例句】 The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true. 2. 先行词的不同
同位语从句前的名词只能是抽象名词，如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。
【判断定语从句和同位语从句】
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. Word came that he had been abroad.
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 3. 从句的引导词及其在从句中的作用不同
①有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。 【例句】 That question whether we need it has not been considered. I have no idea what has happened to him.
②引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),且作宾语时常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。
【例句】
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令是昨天收到的。(同位语从句,从句内容是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的小组。(定语从句,从句内容是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。) 【考题链接】
1. We should consider the students’ request _______the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
2. — Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport ? — No problem.
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
3. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A. which B. what C. that D. where （二）提分技巧
选择非限制性定语从句的引导词时要注意与名词性从句以及状语从句区别开来，先要判断从句的性质，然后再锁定引导词去作选择，只有这样才能提高答题的准确率。 （三）即学即练
1. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong. A. what B. that C. why D. if 2. We heard the news _____ our team had won. A. that B. what C. whether D. why
3. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
4. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 5. My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it Step 4 同步练习
1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______,of course , made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what.
2. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
3. ______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What
4. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
5. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
6. There are two buildings, _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high .
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 7. The English play _____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
8. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine. A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which
9.______ is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That
D. What
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