2019版高中英语必修4知识点清单Unit1 Women of achievement

1. 前缀

除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。

（1）表示否定意义的前缀 un-unhappy unfinished undress dis- disagree disbelieve

in[il-(在字母 l 前)，im-(在字母 m,b,p 前)，ir(在字母 r 前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite

imbalance irregular

mis-misbehave mislead mistake non-nonstop nonsmoker （2）表示其他意义的前缀

en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage inter-“相互” international intercontinental re-“再，又，重” rethink retell recycle tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph auto-“自动的” automatic automobile co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist

anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor bi-“双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

micro-“极小的，微小的” microwave microcomputer over-“太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimate self-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control

under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate,

underrate 2. 后缀

（1）形容词后缀

-able “可……的，具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political -an“属于某地方的人” American African -ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern

-ful/ less“（没）有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless -ish“如……的；有……特征的” foolish childish selfish -ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive -en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen -ous“有（性质）的” famous, dangerous, poisonous -ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily -y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy （2）名词后缀

-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

-ese“某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese

-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician

-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，

socialist

-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess

-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement -ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness

-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation -ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence

-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth -ful“（满的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful

-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability -al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval -y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty -dom“处于……状态；性质” freedom, boredom

-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage （3）动词后缀

-fy / ify“使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify -en“使成为……；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden -ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize （4）副词后缀

-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards （5）数词后缀

-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen -ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty

-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth