2020年职称英语理工A考试真题及答案：阅读理解第三篇

2020年职称英语理工A考试真题及答案：阅读理解第

三篇

2020年职称英语理工类A级阅读理解第三篇真题及答案 第三篇

OlderVolcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was

investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of

volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He

calculated the \comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔岩) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivals The Permian (二叠纪)extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of

volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10gigatonnes (十亿吨) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all

marine genera (种类)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals did disappear but

thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. \says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龙) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts of

calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands

or millions of years. He also adds that itis difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and thatlava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.

41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones because

A. older volcanoes were brighter.

B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmer C. older volcanoes were hotter

D. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily 答案：d

42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions by

A. estimating how long they lasted B. counting the dinosaurs they killed

C. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava produced

D. studying the chemical composition oflava 答案：c

43. When did dinosaurs become extinct? A. 300 million years ago. B. 250 million years ago C. 65 million years ago D. 60 million years ago 答案：c

44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______ A. a political issue. B. self-evident. C. quite certain D. controversial

答案：d

45. What is the main thesis of thearticle? A. Volcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.

B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.

C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructive D. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption 答案：c