语言学Chapter 4 Exercises 含答案

C. social D. functional 4. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.

A. how words and phrases form sentences.

B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above.

5 The phrase “on the half” belongs to ________construction A endocentric B exocentric C subordinate D coordinate

6 . The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.

A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.

B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun

phrase

C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary. 7 The sentence structure is ________.

A. only linear B. Only hierarchical

C. compel D. both linear and

hierarchical

8. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite

9. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to

form grammatical sentences.

A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinational

10 The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet and not to

expose themselves” is a ____________sentence

A simple B coordinate C compound D

complex Answers:

1 D 2 D 3. A 4 D 5 B 6 A 7 D 8 C 9 D 10 A IV. Explain the following terms, using examples.

1. Syntax 2. IC analysis

3. Hierarchical structure Answers :

1. Syntax: Syntax refers to the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentences.

2. IC analysis: Immediate constituent analysis, IC analysis for short, refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate

constituents – word groups (phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate sake of convenience.

3. Hierarchical structure: It is the sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, such as NP, VP and PP. V. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the major types of sentences? Illustrate them with examples.

2. What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction?

3. Draw a tree diagram according to the PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence:

The child asked for a new book

4. What are the major types of sentences according to traditional approach? Illustrate them with examples ？

Answers :