【拓展记忆】1）if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，相当于whether。例如：I don’t know if he will come to the party.我不知道他是否回来参加聚会。2）if引导状语从句时，如果条件很难实现或不可能实现，则用虚拟语气。例如：If I were you,I would wear a shirt.如果我是你，我就穿衬衫。 ②in one go意为“一口气；一下子”，相当于at one go，in one go=in one breath。go此处作可数名词，常用于口语，其前可加不定冠词a，have a go意为“试一试”。例如:He drinks that bottle of water in one go.他一口气喝完了那瓶水。I can swim about 30 meters in/at one go.我能一口气游30米左右。I want to have a go.我想要试一试。
③come true意为“实现”。例如：I hope my dream will come true.我希望我的梦想成真。
11.In China,it is getting popular to have cake on your birthday.在中国，在生日时吃蛋糕正变得流行。
【重点注释】①句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语，即it指的是to have cake，原意为to have cake is getting popular.。例如：It is not easy to finish the work in two days.两天之内完成这项工作不容易。【注意】作形式主语的代词只能用it，不能用this/that等。
【试题链接】 is dangerous for us to swim in the river alone.
A.It B.That C.This D.It’s
（本题考查it作形式主语的用法。代替动词不定式短语作主语只能用代词it。句意：独自在河里游泳对我们来说很危险。答案：A） ②get在此处作系动词，意为“变得”，多用于表示感情、气候、环境的变化，后接形容词原级或比较级。类似动词：become，grow，turn以及look，sound，smell，taste，feel等。例如：We get wiser as we grow old.随着我们年纪越来越大，我们变得明智了。
【辨析记忆】get,become,grow与turn的区别 become 通常不用来表示未来的事，而表示变化过程已经完成，用法比较正式。 get 也表示变化的过程已经完成，比become口语化，通常与形容词连用。 grow 表示“逐渐变成新的状态”的含义。 turn 有“成为与以前完全不同的东西”的含义。 ③popular形容词，意为“受欢迎的；普遍的；流行的”，在句中作表语或定语，get popular意为“变得流行”。例如：She is very popular.她很受欢迎。Mr.Zhang is popular with us students.张老师很受学生欢迎。Young people like popular songs.年轻人喜欢流行歌曲。Blog is getting/becoming popular now.博客现在越来越流行了。【拓展记忆】popular作定语时，口语中常简略为pop，如pop singers“流行歌手”。popular可构成词组be popular with?，意为“受到??的欢迎/喜爱”。例如：Pop music is popular with young people.流行音乐受到年轻人的欢迎。 【试题链接】The Old Town of Lijiang is with tourists for its beautiful old buildings.
A.popular B.famous C.special D.different
（句意：丽江老镇因其美丽的古老建筑受到游客的欢迎。Be popular with表示“受……的欢迎”。答案：A）
④cake蛋糕，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，此处作不可数名词。例如：1）——How many cakes?——8.多少蛋糕？八个。2）I need to buy a cake for my son, for it is his birthday today.3）——Have some cake.——Thank you.I like cake.吃些蛋
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糕吧。谢谢。我喜欢蛋糕。（Have some cake表示这种物质，东西，不可数，如a piece of cake，类比：bread）
12.They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.他们从来不切断面条因为长面条是长寿的象征。 【重点注释】
①cut up意为“切断；切碎”。例如：To make fruit salad,he cuts up two apples.为制作水果沙拉，他切碎了两个苹果。Cut up the vegetables,please.请把菜切碎。【注意】cut up后接代词作宾语时，应放在cut和up之间。例如：We need two apples.Please cut them up.我们需要两个苹果，请把它们切碎。 【拓展记忆】与cut相关的其他短语：1）cut down砍到。例如：They cut down the big tree.他们砍倒了这棵大树。2）cut off剪下，切下，砍下。例如：He cut off a piece of bread and gave it to me.他切下一块面包，递给了我。3）cut?into?把??切成??。例如：He cut the apple into quarters.他把这个苹果切成了四等块。4）cut in插话。例如：Don’t cut in when others are talking.别人说话时别插话。 ②a symbol of意思是“??的象征”。例如：The letter V is a symbol of victory.字母V是胜利的象征。
13.All of these birthday foods may be different,but the ideas are the same.所有这些生日食物可能不一样，但含义是一样的。
【重点注释】①food表示食物时，是不可数名词，但当表示种类时是可数名词，本句中birthday foods强调种类，而不是食物本身。例如：I’m hungry。I want some food.我饿了，我想要一些食物。We have a lot of foods,fish,beef,chkcken.Which one would you like?我们有很多种食品，鱼肉、牛肉、鸡肉，你想要哪一种？ ②idea可数名词，意为“想法；主意”。例如：I have a good idea.我有一个好主意。I have an idea that he will come today.我有一个想法：他今天会来的。That’s a good idea.Let’s go.好主意，咱们走。
【拓展记忆】1）当别人提出一个好的建议和想法时，我们通常用That’s a good idea!或Good idea!来愉快地表示同意。例如：——Let’s go out for a walk.——That’s a good idea!/ Good idea!让我们出去散散步吧。好主意！2）I have no idea.意为“我不知道”，相当于I don’t know。例如：Mary has no idea about how to learn Chinese well.=Mayr doesn’t know how to learn Chinese well.玛丽不知道如何学好汉语。——Do you know his name?——Sorry,I have no idea.对不起，我不知道。 14.They bring good luck to the birthday person.它们给过生日的人带来好运。 【重点注释】luck此处为名词，意为“运气”，good luck to sb.意为“好运给某人”。例如：Students often say good luck to each other when they have exams.学生去考试时候常相互祝好运。【拓展】lucky形容词，意为“幸运的”。例如：You are a lucky dog.你真是个幸运儿。luckily副词，意为“幸运地”。例如：Luckily I was at home when he called.他打电话时，我幸好在家。
15.How can a person make his or her birthday wish come true?一个人怎样使自己的生日愿望实现？
【重点注释】make在此意为“使，让，叫”，为使役动词，其后接不带to的动词不定式（动词原形）作宾补，即make sb.do sth.“让（使）某人做某事”。例如：She made me wait there for two hours.她让我在那里等了两个小时。Don’t make him sleep too late.不要让他睡得太晚。The boss makes us work for eleven hours a day.老板让我们每天工作11个小时。【类比】let sb.do sth.让某人做某事。例如:Let’s go
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skating!让我们滑冰吧! 【拓展记忆】1）“make sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人/某物处于某种状态”。例如：She often makes me happy.他经常使我高兴。I like reading books because they can make me happy.我喜欢读书，因为书籍能给我带来快乐。Don’t make the room dirty.不要把房间弄脏了。2）make friends(with sb.)（与某人）交朋友。例如：Tom makes some Chinese friends.汤姆交了一些中国朋友。She wants to make friends with them.她想和他们交朋友。3）make还可作动词，意为“做；制作；制造”。例如：Can you make the cake?你会做蛋糕吗？4）be made of/from由??制成。例如：The desk is made of wood.桌子是木头做的。The paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。
16.But we are short of fish.但是我们缺少鱼。 【重点注释】be short of意为“缺少，缺乏”。例如：We’re short of food.我们缺少食物。They are short of food and clothes.他们缺吃少穿。Are you short of money?你缺钱吗？
17.Put on your glasses and you can see the mutton.戴上你的眼镜，你就会看到羊肉了。
【重点注释】①put on意为“戴上；穿上”。例如：It’s cold outside.Put on your sweater.外面很冷，穿上你的毛衣吧。 【辨析记忆】put on与wear “穿上；戴上”，后接衣服、着重“穿”这一动作，即由没穿到穿这put on 鞋、帽等。 一过程的完成。 “穿着；戴着”，宾语可以是强调“穿着；戴着”这一状态。 wear 衣帽，也可是饰物等。 例句：Can I put on the jeans?我可以穿上这条牛仔裤吗？ She often wears glasses.她经常戴着眼镜。
【试题链接】Tom,it’s cold outside. your coat when you go out.
A.Take off B.Put on C.Put away D.Take away
（句意：汤姆，外面冷。出去的时候穿上大衣吧。take off脱下，put on穿上，put away放好，take away拿走。答案：B）
②认识两种句型：(1)“祈使句+and +简单句”,and（那么，并且，和）后简单句表示好的结果，谓语动词常用一般将来时或含有情态动词的一般现在时。例如：Hurry up, and you will(can) catch the bus.=If you hurry up,you will catch the bus. 快点儿，你会赶上公共汽车。(2)“祈使句+or+简单句” ,or（否则，不然）后简单句表不理想的结果, 谓语动词常用一般将来时或含有情态动词的一般现在时。Study hard, or you will fail to pass the exam .=If you don’t study hard,you will fail to pass the exam.努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。Hurry up ,or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.赶快，否则你将迟到。（if的用法参见注释10）【注意】这两种句型，and或or前常加逗号。例句学习：Go down the street , and you will find the post office.沿着这条路走，你就看到邮局了。Hurry up, or you will be late for the meeting.快一点，否则开会你就迟到了。Follow my advice, or you will regret.采纳我的意见，否则你会后悔的。 EXERCISES:
一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填词。
1.Chinese people usually eat d on the Spring Festival(春节).
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2.I’d like a glass of (桔汁).
3.And we don’t like (洋葱) or potatoes. 4.My parents and I like (鱼)very much.
5.My grandmother eats (一大碗粥)every morning.
6.Lucy is from the USA.Jim is from the UK.They are from d countries. 7.We often have c on our birthday in China. 8.The number of c is the person’s age.
9.I you have nothing to do this afternoon,let’s play basketball. 10.He is very l to have a special birthday party. 11.It is very p to wear this kind of skirt this year.
12.You should （吹灭）all the candles in one go. 13.Please (切碎)the apples and put them in the bowl. 14.We’d like some green t for drink.
15.My mother is cooking some (粥)for breakfast. 16.Linda has some rice and f for lunch. 17.Would you like some (馅饼) ？
18.We have all kinds of (饺子)in our restaurant. 19.I wish to travel (旅行)around the (世界). 20.Can you a these questions,Tom? 21.May I know your (年龄)？
22.Jeans are very (受欢迎的)with young people. 23.——How about going to the cinema tonight? ——That’s a good i .
24.I don’t like onions,green tea o porridge.
25.She doesn’t like eating (牛肉)and (鸡肉). 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Their answers are (differently),but they are all right.
2.The number of her birthday candles (be)13,so she is 13 years old. 3.If it (not rain),we (go )to the park. 4.You are (luck) to see the actor,Jackie Chan. 5.Can you make my birthday wish______(come) true? 三、选择方框中的词并用其适当形式填空。
will，small，potato，drink，special 1.We buy lots of food and for Jane’s birthday party. 2.——How many do you want?——Three kilos. 3.He orders a bowl of noodles. 4. you like to go to the library?.
5.Today we have three in our restaurant.What would you like? 四、选择填空。
（ ）1.——Would you like to go to the park?
—— .
A.Certainly,I’d like B.Certainly,I’d like to C.No,just a little D.Certainly,I would.
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