中考命题研究河北省中考英语 语法专题突破 专题十 动词的时态（无答案） 人教新目标版

时态的基本构成

【满分点拨】

1．动词的五种基本形式变化表

英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去时、过去分词和现在分词。

形式 构成 例词 动词原形 没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式 be，do，have，come 第三人称 单数 一般在动词原形后直接加-s work—works read—reads 以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的go—goes 动词，后加-es wash—washes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，fly—flies 应将y改为i再加-es study—studies 过去式与 过去分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed work—worked stay—stayed 在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d close—closed like—liked 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，study—studied 应将y改为i再加-ed carry—carried 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此stop—stopped 辅音字母再加-ed plan—planned 现在分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing sleep—sleeping wait—waiting 以不发音的-e结尾的动词，去smile—smiling -e再加-ing move—moving 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有sit—sitting 一个辅音字母的动词，双写此dig—digging 辅音字母再加-ing plan—planning 少数以ie结尾的动词，变iedie—dying 为y，再加-ing lie—lying 常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：

短暂性动词 延续性动词 have closed/opened have been closed/open 1

have died have left

have begun/started have finished/ended have become have borrowed have bought have joined have left sp. have fallen asleep have put on have caught/got a cold have got to know 2.常见6种时态的构成及用法

have been dead have been away have been on have been over have been have kept have had have been a member of/ have been in have been away from sp. have been asleep have worn have had a cold have known 河北中考对于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在完成时都有考查，须掌握这些时态的基本构成和功能。 种类 意义 构成特点 be用1.现阶段经常性或习惯一般 现在时 性动作； 2．目前的状态； 3．客观真理 am/is/are；主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加-s/-es；其他人称和数用动词原形。 时间标志词 often，sometimes，us-ually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/ year…例句 He usually leaves for sch-ool at 7 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮 备注 (every系列) 绕着地球转。 just now，… We went to ago，in 1980， the History 1.过去发生一般 过去时 的动作； 2．过去存在的状态 be用was/were；其他动词用过去式 last month…this morning，

Museum last 一我们去了 I was busy yesterday.2

night/week/ Monday.上周(last系列)，历史博物馆。yesterday，the other day，used to 我昨天很忙。 I will meet 1.助动词tomorrow，you at the from now on，school gate 1.将来发生will soon，in the tomorrow.明在时间和条一般 的动作； (shall)＋动future，next 天早上我将件状语从句将来时 2．将来存在词原形 year/week/m在校门口见中，用一般现的状态 2．am/is/are onth/ 你。I'll be 在时代替一going to＋动词原形 term…(next15 next 般将来时。 系列) week.下周我就15岁了。 The 表示位置移telephone is 动或状态变ringing.Cou化的动词，现在 说话时或现am/is/are＋now，at ld you 如：come，go，进行时 阶段正在进动词的现在present，at answer it，leave等词的行的动作 分词 the moment，look，listen please？电现在进行时话响了，你可形式可表示以接听一下将要发生的吗？ 动作。 I was 在复合句中，reading when 如果两个动was/were＋he came in.作同时发生，动词的现在at 1：00 last 当他进来的那么延续性过去某一阶night，at 时候，我正在动词用过去过去 段或某一时分词 that moment，读书。He was 进行时，短暂进行时 刻正在进行表示过去时always 性动词用一的动作 间的状语从com-plainin般过去时，通 句 g about 常在when或some-thing.while引导的他总是抱怨时间状语从一些事情。 句中出现。 1.到现在为have/has＋yet，just，He has only 1.since后面止已经完成动词的过去before，been to the 的从句用一现在 的动作；对现分词 recently，Great Wall 般过去时，主完成时 在还有影响； once，once.他去过句用现在完2．从过去开already，长城一次。I 成时；2.短暂始延续到现lately，have been in 性动词不与在的动作或 ever，never，the Youth 一段时间连3

状态 since 1996，for ten years Volunteers 用。如果要与for five years.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。 一般时间连用必须换成延续性动词。(见上表)

河北中考重难点突破

【考点抢测】 一、词语运用

1．Grandma usually ________ early in the morning.(醒来)

2．When we ________ western culture with Chinese culture，you'll find many differences.(比较) 3．That company ________ us with 3，000 dollars in 2012.(提供)

4．The thief s________ food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen. 5．The wind ________ the clouds and the sky was clear.(sweep away) 6．We still don't know when your friend ________ here.(come)

7．I overslept this morning.By the time I got to the train station，the train ________．(leave) 8．I ________ a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.(read) 二、连词成句

9．is，handbag，her，this

________________________________________________________________________? 10．are，do，you，now，what

________________________________________________________________________? 11．make，a，in，mistake，class，he，yesterday

________________________________________________________________________. 12．learn，I，for，English，three，have，years

________________________________________________________________________. 13．watch TV，last，I，call，you，night，was，when

________________________________________________________________________. 14．she，year，to，will，senior，school，next，go

________________________________________________________________________. 三、单项选择

( )15.We make it a rule that each of us ________ the bedroom one day a week. A．has cleaned B．have cleaned C．cleans D．clean

( )16.Mr.Green，a famous writer，________ our school next week. A．visited B．visits

C．was visiting D．will visit

( )17.The last time I ________ to the cinema was two years ago. A．go B．have gone C．have been D．went

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