unit - 3 - under - the - sea基础知识

Unit 3 Under the sea

1．witness vt. 当场见到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人；证据 ①He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他证明看到那个人进了房间。

②The police found the witness to the murder case. 警察找到了那个谋杀案的目击者。

The witness(目击者)who witnessed(目击)the incident gave witness(证据)to the police and promised to be a witness(证人)．

[运用提升]

After the explosion, the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the________.

A．onlookers B．viewers C．people 2．urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策

D．witnesses

(3)have an urge to do sth. 迫切要求做某事

①Brown urged her to reconsider her decision. 布朗极力劝说她重新考虑自己的决定。 ②I urged that he(should)do his best. 我强调他要尽自己最大的努力。 ③It was urged that he(should)be punished. 有人极力主张他应受到惩罚。 翻译句子

(1)他极力劝她学习物理。________________________________________________________________________ (2)他们敦促我去申请工作。________________________________________________________________________ (3)她渴望当一名电影明星。________________________________________________________________________

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3．abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃

① We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way. 我们只好弃车，步行赶剩下的路。 ② Imogen had abandoned all the hope of ever seeing her brother again. 伊莫金已经放弃了再次见到哥哥的全部希望。

③ He abandoned himself to drinking. 他沉溺于饮酒。

[运用提升]

After the sixparty talk in Beijing, an agreement was reached____that North Korea would abandon____nuclear weapons. A．stating; to develop B．stating; developing C．to state; to develop D．states; developing 4．reflect vi. 思考 vt. 映射；反射；思考

①Her face was reflected in the mirror. 她的脸映照在镜子中。 ②He reflected on his past mistakes. 他反省过去的错误。

[运用提升]

Usually, a child's behavior is a(n)________of his family environment, many studies suggest. A．description B．recognition C．reflection D．expression 5．help out vt. 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 vi. 援助；协助

①My father helped me out when I lost my job. 我失业时我父亲帮我摆脱困境。

②Bob used to help us out when we were short of staff. 我们人手不足时，鲍勃常常帮我们。 help ?sb.??to?do sth. 帮?某人?做某事 ?1?help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事 can’t help ?to?do sth. 不能帮着做某事

(2)can not help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

(3)help oneself (to sth.) 自取，自用

(4)can’t help but do sth. 不得不做某事

运用：翻译下面句子

??? 1)在老师和同学们的帮助下，小明终于摆脱了爱打电子游戏的习惯。

____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2)地震中，许多家长不得不眼睁睁地看着他们的孩子被埋在废墟中。

________________________________________________________________________________________ 3)她忍不住大笑起来。_______________________________________________________ 4)请随便吃点鱼。_______________________________________________________

5)When I________in the kitchen, nothing made me feel better than preparing the eggs and serving them just the way the customers wanted.

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A．helped out B．figured out C．worked out 6．be/become aware of 对??知道、明白；意识到 He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题。 be aware that-clause知道，体会到……??

(1)?make sb.aware that... 使某人意识到……??as far as I’m aware据我所知

??develop an awareness of... 逐渐懂得……(2)?

?lack of awareness缺乏认识?

D．found out

①Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat? 你知道你正坐在我帽子上吗？

②As far as I'm aware, nobody has done anything about it. 据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。 [运用提升]

Because he was________the new limit, he was stopped and wanted for speeding. A．good at B．tired from C．unaware of D．uninterested in 句型精析

1. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. (P20) 随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他6只虎鲸袭击。

“see a whale being attacked” 看到鲸正在被袭击，句中 “being attacked”作宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行。在中学英语中being done 结构通常用于以下情况： 主语：

(1) Being exposed to too much radiation will do great harm to your health. (2) Being bitten by a dog put him into a hospital. 宾语：

(1) He narrowly missed being shot.

(2) He insisted on his being called Mr. Cliff instead of Mr. Clive. 宾语补足语：

(1) When he came to himself, he found himself being looked after by an old lady. (2) When I was a child, I used to watch bicycles being repaired. 后置定语：

(1) The question being discussed now is of great importance to us all. (2) The tall house being built over there belongs to my uncle.

注意：“being done”形式作宾语补足语和后置定语时表被动，同时又表进行，然而在作主语和宾语时仅表被动。 单项填空

(1)Henry can't attend the party ______ at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party ______ at Marie's house tomorrow.

A. held; being held B. to be held; to be held C. to be held; held D. being held; to be held (2)— Do you know anything about the meeting ______ in Italy? — Yes, and as a matter of fact I attended it.

A. to be held B. held C. being held D. to hold (3)New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ______.

A. being fully accepted B. fully accepting C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted 2．Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.

句型：being＋done 在句中作原因状语。having been done 也可以在句中作状语。 翻译：1)当被问到谁偷了钱时，这个年轻人沉默了。 _________________________，the young man kept silent. 2)由于受到很好的照顾，这些树长得越来越壮。

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__________________________，the trees are growing better and better. 3)约翰被关在监狱许多年后，最近获释。

________________________________________，John has recently been set free.

3．I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!

“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”在句中充当状语，表伴随，原因等。

完成句子： 1)我睡觉时喜欢开着窗。 I like to sleep____________________________.

2)妈妈讲着故事，小孩很快就睡着了。 __________________________， the child fell asleep soon. 3)老师走了进来，手里拿着一本厚厚的书。The teacher came in____________________________. 4)由于有很多问题亟待解决，新当选的总统急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。

________________________________， the newly-elected president felt like a cat on hot bricks.

4．The fish didn’t seem to mind me_swimming among them. 鱼儿好像并不介意我游在它们中间。me 在句中用做 swimming 的逻辑主语，这叫做动名词的复合结构。

动名词的复合结构的其中一种形式是“物主代词或名词所有格＋动名词”，在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)。 ①His/Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried. 他/杰克没准时到车站使得我们大家都很担心。(做主语) ②Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now? 我/杰克现在离开你介意吗？(做动词的宾语)

③Have you heard of my sister's winning the contest?

我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗？(做动词短语的宾语) ④He left the city without our knowing it.

他离开这个城市我们大家都不知道。(做介词的宾语) ⑤What is most important is Tom's going there at once. 最重要的是汤姆立刻到那里去。(做表语) 练习：

（1）Do you mind ______ alone at home?

A．Tom leaving B．Tom having left C．Tom's being left D．Tom to be left （2）Do you mind me________your pen? A．use B．using C．to use D．used

3．It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。 句中a time表示“一段时间”，相当于a period of time，后接when引导的定语从句。 I still remember a time when I lived in Germany. 我仍记得在德国住过的那一段时间。 【思维拓展】 age有“时代，时期”之意，也可接when引导的定语从句。 It happened in the Stone Age when the weather was still warm. 它发生在气候仍然温暖的石器时代。

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