·Be more considerate, do favorite things and take 7.____________ for whatever they do. The approaches to treating narcissism or NPD ·Try to 8.____________ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on. ·Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to 9.____________ treatment. ·Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media. The future trend ·Narcissism can be 10.____________ if handled actively in proper ways. 答案：1.complicated/complex 2.Features/Characteristics 3．specially 4.lack 5.hidden/concealed 6.deserves 7．responsibility 8.relax 9.refuse 10.changed/changeable
G
Technologies are often viewed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed(使瘫痪) below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This remarkable action is partly thanks to poles implanted in his right arm. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is reflected in neural activity in his motor cortex(皮层); these signals are detected by implants in his brain and processed into commands to activate the electrodes in his arm.
An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces(接口), BCIs, like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to activate the brain.
The pace of research into the BCI and the scale of its ambition are increasing, but skeptics dismiss it. Taking medical BCIs out of the lab into clinical practice has proved very difficult. The BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar was developed more than ten years ago, but only a handful of people have tried it out. Turning implants into consumer products is even harder to imagine. The path to the mainstream is blocked by three major barriers—technological, scientific and commercial.
Start with technology. Non-invasive(无创的) techniques struggle to pick up high-resolution brain signals through intervening layers of skin, bone and membrane. For the time being at least, the most ambitious applications
require implants that can interact directly with nerve cells. And existing devices have lots of drawbacks. They involve wires that pass through the skull; they cause immune responses; they communicate with only a few hundred of the 85bn nerve cells in the human brain.
Clear the technological barrier, and another one appears. The brain is still a foreign country. Scientists know little about how exactly it works, especially when it comes to complex functions like memory formation. Research is more advanced in animals, but experiments on humans are hard.
The third obstacle is the practical barriers to commercialization. It takes time, money and expert knowledge or skill to get medical devices approved officially. And consumer applications will take off only if they perform a function people find useful. Some of the applications of brain-computer interfaces are unnecessary—a good voice assistant is a simpler way to type without fingers than a brain implant, for example.
All of these suggest that a route to the future imagined by the neurotechnology pioneers is tough, but within a few years, improved technologies may be opening up new channels of communication with the brain. Many of the first applications hold out the unambiguous promise of movement and senses restored. But a host of concerns will arise. Privacy is an obvious one: the hiding place of an inner voice may disappear. Security is another: if a brain can be reached on the Internet, it can also be hacked. Inequality is a third one: access to superhuman abilities could be beyond all except a privileged few.
·William Kochevar is physically challenged, but with the help of technology, he manages to The 1.________ of mind control control his arm movement by mind. ·Researchers can decode information from neural activity, and in turn, the information 2.________ from neural activity can be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. The 3.________ for doubts about BCIs ·It is no easy job to put BCIs into clinical practice. ·It is even harder to put implants on the 4.________. ·Technological barrier： The barriers to BCIs’ becoming the mainstream The existing devices which are supposed to have direct interaction with neurons are far from 5.________． ·Scientific barrier： There is a lack of 6.________ of the brain; experiments on humans are harder and less advanced than those on animals. ·Commercial barriers： ?It takes a lot of effort to get the authorities to 7.________ agree to the medical devices. ?Being useful to people is a must for consumer applications being widely accepted. ?Some applications are unnecessary, thus 8.________ BCIs from becoming commercially successful.
·Privacy: With nowhere to hide your inner voice, you may 9.________ your privacy. The concerns about BCIs ·Security: With anyone able to reach your brain on the Internet, you may have your brain broken into. ·Inequality: The technology may only be 10.________ to the advantaged. 答案：1.possibility 2.received 3.reasons 4.market 5．perfect 6.understanding/knowledge 7.officially 8．preventing/stopping/keeping 9.lose 10．available/accessible
H
If you followed the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including U．S. swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises(瘀伤) on their bodies. These bruises were the results of “cupping therapy(拔火罐疗法)”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2，000 years.
Cupping therapy involves attaching circular cups to the skin using suction(吸力). The suction is created either by heating the cup inside or by using a hand－held pump. This suction pulls the skin upward into the cup. Sometimes it can leave dark red bruises, other times there is no mark at all.
Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another U．S. swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “It really helps with blood flow, and helps pull swelling(肿胀) out of different areas.”
However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.
To figure out whether cupping therapy has any physical effects, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a sham(假的) treatment was provided.
In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the sham treatment. But in the sham treatment, the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldn’t create the proper suction.
The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that causes a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the so－called “soft cupping” was a sham treatment.
It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself, the researchers told the Live Science website.
The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered. But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, “the therapy can be used as a part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle interventions(干预)”， Dr Brent Bauer, director of a U．S.’ medicine program, told Live Science.
Title：Is Cupping Therapy Really Useful？ Cupping therapy was 1.________ to Chinese medicinal Introduction practice dating back to more than 2，000 years ago. People usually use suction—created either by heating the cup The working principle of it inside or by using a 2.________—to pull people’s skin upward into the cup which can be 3.________ to the skin. ·Many athletes think it is 5.________， which not only can People’s 4．________ attitudes to it help with blood flow but also can relieve swelling. ·Some think it’s people’s 6.________ effects that result in its health effects actually. A test ·Researchers provided a 7.________ treatment (traditional
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