D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers
77. According to the passage, with the development of modern industry, _______.
A) factory labourers will overtake intellectual employees in number B) there are as many middle-class employees as factory labourers C) employers have attached great importance to factory labourers D) the proportion of factory labourers in the total employee population has decreased.
78. The word 'dubious' (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means _______. A) valuable B) useful C) doubtful D) helpful
79. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _______. A) less important than awareness of being a good employee B) as important as the ability to deal with public relations C) more important than employer-employee relations D) as important as the ability to co-operate with others
80. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one _______. A) to be more successful in his career
B) to be more specialized in his field C) to gain professional ability D) to develop his professional skill
Questions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage:
The United States court system, as part of the federal system of go-vernment, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are both state andfederal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civiland criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and astate supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series oftrial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small
geographicregions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courtsof appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geo-graphic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two courtsystems are to some extent
overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes(such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution) maybe initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical,for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants(persons engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supremecourt may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court -- a court ofgeneral jurisdiction -- in the state or federal system. Most cases go nofurther than the trial court: for example , the criminal defendant isconvicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court
andthe case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trialcourt (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the courts suitis pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losingparty at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter doesnot end there. In these cases, the\appealto the next higher court.
81. What does the passage mainly discuss? A) Civil and criminal trial courts. B) Trial court cases.
C) The court system in the United States. D) The appeal court process.
82. According to the passage district courts are also known as_______. A) circuit courts B) supreme courts C) intermediate courts D) trial courts
83. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase\ could best be replaced by which of the following? A) committed to. B) involved in. C) attentive to. D) covered in.
84. The passage indicates that litigants who lose their cases in the state
trial court may take them to _______. A) different trial court in the same state B) court in a different geographic region C) federal trial court D) state supreme court
85. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are _______. A) always appealed
B) usually resolved in the district courts C) always overlapping
D) usually settled by the Supreme Court
Questions 86 to 90 are based on the following passage:
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned theirattention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skys-crapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a clusterof tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportationand parking lot capacities.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electricpower. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet ofskyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demandfor electricity by 120,000 kilowatts -- enough to supply the entirecity of Albany, New York, for a day.
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