高二英语上学期期末考试试题
本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共10页，满分150分。考试用时130分钟。 注意事项：
1.本试卷分第一部分（选择题）和第二部分（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必用 黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的班级、姓名、考生号填在答题卷指定位置。
2.回答第一部分时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答第二部分时，用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡指定的答题区域内， 超出答题区域和写在本试卷答案无效。
第I卷 （选择题 70分）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节 满分40分）
第一节阅读理解（共 15 小题； 每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Coolest Inventions
An Oceans Vacuum
There’s a collection of plastic trash in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It’s bigger than Texas and growing. The way to clean it up now is to catch it with nets. That is both costly and slow. Instead, the Ocean Cleanup Project proposes a 62-mile-long floating barrier that would use natural currents to trap trash. If next year’s trials succeed, a full cleanup operation would aim to start in 2020. It could reduce the trash by 42% over 10 years. Easy-On Shoes
In 2012, Matthew Walzer, a high school student with a disability, sent a note to Nike. “My dream is to go to college,” he wrote, “without having to worry about someone coming to tie my shoes every day.” Nike assigned a design team to the challenge. This year, they came out with their solution: the Fly Ease. The basketball shoe can be fastened with one hand. A pair of Nike Fly Ease shoes sells for $ 130.
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An Airport for Drones (无人机）
As Amazon, Google, and others get ready for drone delivery service, there is one big question: What kinds of home bases will their drones have? Rwanda, in Africa, may have the answer. There, workers will soon start work on three “drone ports”. The goal is to make it easier to transport food, medical supplies, electronics, and other goods through the hilly countryside. Construction is set to be completed in 2020.
1. What’s the advantage of the Oceans Vacuum? A. It can be a money-saver.
B. It can grow year by year.
D. It can be put into wide use
C. It can tear plastic into pieces. soon.
2. What do we know about Nike?
A. It offers free shoes to the disabled. B. It is designing new shoes frequently. C. It provides customer-friendly services. D. It responded to Matthew’s request passively. 3. Why is Rwanda setting up “drone ports”? A. Because there are too many drones. B. Because road travel there is rough.
C. Because they’re easier to construct than roads. D. Because they are receptive to new technology.
B
I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job. I also think my work is important. There was a time when I thought I would never have that sort of career.I wasn’t an excellent student because I didn’t do much schoolwork. In my final term I started thinking what I might do and found I didn’t have much to offer. I just accepted that I wasn’t the type to have a career.
I then found myself a job—looking after two little girls. It wasn’t too bad at first. But the problems began when I agreed to live in so that I would be there
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if my boss had to go out for business in the evening. We agreed that if I had to work extra hours one week, she’d give me time off the next. But unfortunately, it didn’t often work out. I was getting extremely tired and fed up, because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the children.
One Sunday, I was in the park with the children, and met Megan who used to go to school with me. I told her about my situation. She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification（资格证书）if I wanted to work with children. I didn’t think I would be accepted because I didn’t take many exams in school. She persuaded me to phone the local college and they were really helpful. My experience counted for a lot and I got on a part-time course. I had to leave my job with the family, and got work helping out at a kindergarten.
Now I’ve got a full-time job there. I shall always be thankful to Megan. I wish I had known earlier that you could have a career, even if you aren’t top of the class at school.
4. What is the author’s present job? A. Working part-time in a college. B. Taking care of children for a family. C. Helping children with their schoolwork. D. Looking after children at a kindergarten.
5. When staying with the two girls’ family, the author ________. A. was paid for extra work B. often worked long hours C. got much help from her boss D. took a day off every other week 6. Why did the author leave her first job? A. She found a full-time job. B. She was fed up with children.
C. She decided to attend a part-time course. D. She needed a rest after working extra hours.
7. What has the author learned from her own experiences?
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A. Less successful students can still have a career. B. Qualifications are necessary for a career. C. Hard work makes an excellent student. D. One must choose the job one likes.
C
In some islands north of Scotland, head lice, which live on the hair or skin of people or animals, were a part of life. If the lice left their host, he became sick and feverish. Therefore, sick people had lice put in their hair intentionally. There was a method to their madness: As soon as the lice had settled in again, the patient improved. The story explains the confusion of cause and effect. If the lice leave the sick, it is because he has a fever and they simply get hot feet. When the fever breaks, they return. We may laugh at this story, but false causalitymisleads us practically every day.
Consider the headline: “Fact: Women Who Use Shampoo XYZ Every Day Have Stronger Hair.” This statement says very little—least of all, that the shampoo makes your hair stronger. It might simply be the other way round: Women with strong hair tend to use Shampoo XYZ—and perhaps that’s because it says “especially for thick hair” on the bottle.
A further example: Scientists found that long periods in the hospital did harm to patients. This was music to health insurers’ ears, who, of course, are keen to make stays as brief as possible. But, clearly, patients who are dismissed immediately are healthier than those who must stay on for treatment.
Recently I read that students get better grades at school if their homes contain a lot of books. This study was surely a shot in the arm for booksellers, but it is also an example of false causality. This simple truth is that educated parents tend to value their children’s education more than uneducated ones do. Plus, educated parents often have more books at home. In short, a dust-covered copy of War and Peace alone isn’t going to influence anyone’s grades; what counts is parents’ education levels, as well as their genes.
Another example of false causality was the supposed relationship between the
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birth rate and the numbers of stork (鹳) pairs in Germany. Both were in decline, and if you plot them on a graph, the two lines of development from 1965 to 1987 appeared almost the same. Does this mean the stork actually does bring babies? Obviously not, since this was a purely accidental connection.
In conclusion: Connection is not causality. Take a closer look at linked events: Sometimes what is presented as the cause turns out to be the effect, or just the other way around. And sometimes there is no link at all—just like with the storks and babies.
8. Which is an example of false causality?
A. Women with strong hair tend to use a certain shampoo. B. Birth rate and the stork population are connected. C. Longer periods in the hospital benefit patients. D. Lice can make a person sick and feverish.
9. The underlined phrase “a shot in the arm” in Paragraph 4 means _____. A. pain
B. defeat
C. guidance
D. encouragement
10. According to the author, students get better grades probably because _____. A. their homes are full of books B. they have read War and Peace
C. their educated parents value education D. their parents are successful booksellers 11. It can be concluded from the passage that _____. A.linked events may turn out to be unrelated B. cause and effect are interdependent C. connections are mostly cause and effect D. connections are pure accidents
D
An artificial intelligence chatbot (聊天机器人) called TacoBot from fast food chain Taco Bell now lets you order a meal in a smartphone text exchange that might look something like this:
TacoBot: Hello there. I’m your TacBot. I can help you order a meal for you
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