初一下unit1-4复习讲义
重点语法归纳：
一.不定冠词a, an与定冠词the的区别
不定冠词a, an表示泛指；定冠词the表示特指。 例 There is C__apple tree in my garden. It’s over 8 years. A the B a C an D /
The___girl under the tree is our teacher’s daughter. (a/ an / the) The 的常见用法主要有： 1.特指某个/某些人或物；
The girl in pink is Amy. 穿粉色衣服的女孩是Amy. 2.指上文提到过的或双方都知道的人或物； There is a phone on the desk. The phone is red.
3.用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人/夫妇二人或用在普通专有名词前； the Great Wall 长城
The Greens have two sons. 格林夫妇有两个儿子 4.用在表示独一无二的事物的名词前；
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 5.用在固定词组中
In the morning 在上午 in the future 在将来 6.在动词play（演奏）后与表示乐器的名词连用 Play the violin 拉小提琴 play the piano 弹钢琴
注意 play与球类运动名词连用时，名词前不加冠词。（重要考点） Play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球 二. 连词and, but, so的用法
1，and表并列关系，被连接的两个部分是彼此独立的。
I like basketball and football. 我喜欢篮球和足球 （省略I like） 注意：如果两个分句的主语谓语相同，则可以省略主语谓语。上个
The sky was blue and everything was beautiful. 天空很蓝，一切都很美。 2.but表转折关系，连接的句子或短语具有对立或对照性关系。 The film was short but interesting. 电影很短，但很有意思。 3.so表因果关系，用来连接两个表因果关系的分句。
I caught a cold, so I didn’t go to school yesterday. 我昨天感冒了，所以没有去学校。
注意：because(因为) 与so（所以）不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其中之一。
三.反身代词
反身代词指代某人自己，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves结尾。牢记下表 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself/herself/itself themselves 重点相关短语: by oneself 单独地
I can finish my homework by myself. 我可以自己一个人完成作业。 Helping others is helping ourselves. 帮助他人就是帮助我们自己。
四.方位介词
1.in 指在….里面；表示人、鸟在树上； In the tree 在树上
The ball is in the box. 球在盒子里
2.under 指某物在另一物体的垂直下方，往往不接触；
The ball is under the box. 球在盒子下面（球和盒子表面并没有接触） 3.on 指一个物体在另一个物体的垂直上方，并有接触。 The ball is on the box. 球在盒子上面
五.现在进行时
1.用法:表示此刻正在进行的动作，常和now, right now, at this moment 连用。 Look! She is cleaning the classroom. 看，她正在打扫房间。
注意：一些表示状态和意愿的动词，如be, like, want, know, think, have 不能用于现在进行时态中。
Come, go, leave, stay, arrive等表往返和位置转移的动词可以和tomorrow, next week, next year连用，表将要发生的动作。
They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他们明天要动身去北京 2.结构
肯定句：主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词+其他
Mum is cooking dinner for us. 妈妈正在给我们做晚餐 否定句：主语+be(am, is, are)+not+现在分词+其他 He isn’t writing now. 他现在没有在写字
一般疑问句：be(am, is, are)+ 主语+现在分词+其他？ ----Are you singing? 你正在唱歌吗？
----Yes, I am. 是的，我在唱歌。 / No, I am not. 不，我不在唱歌。 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be(am, is, are) + 主语+现在分词+其他？ ----What are you doing? 你正在做什么？
----I am reading a novel. 我正在读一本小说。 3.构成
现在分词一般由动词直接在后加-ing变化而来。 Eat- eating study—studying play---playing 特殊形式
Lie—lying die---dying tie—tying
Write---writing come---coming make---making
Sit---sitting put---putting swim---swimming begin---beginning 练习
1. Adam prefers playing ______ football to playing the piano. A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. They travelled all night to Singapore and got there _____Wednesday morning.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
3. Mr. Lin is keen on _____ hockey. That’s his favourite hobby. A. play B. to play C. plays D. playing
4. Kate and I ______doing________ homework now. A. am, their B. are, their is, our D. are, our 5. Listen! They________ about the movie. Let’s join them. A. are talking B. talk C. talking D. are talk
6. She can't seem to help___. And no one else can help her either. A him B himself C her D herself 7. Children can usually dress___by the age of five. A themselves B them C selves D ones 8. ---- Can you see the hole _____ the wall?
A. on B. in C. among D. between 9. What’s _______the desk?
A on B in C under D over
10. The runner fell _______ he quickly got up and went on running. A. or B. and C. but D. down
重点句型及短语
1.Why not do sth = why don’t you do sth 用来提出自己的建议或征求对方的意见，“为什么不做某事呢”
Why not go shpping?= why don’t you go shopping? 为什么不去购物呢？ 注意：why not 和why don’t you 后都是接的动词原形。 2.looks afer =take care of 照顾，照料
She has to look after her baby brother at home. 她得在家照顾她的小弟弟。 Be good at= do well in 擅长；在…方面做得好 介词at后加名词，代词或动名词。
I’m good at English. = I do well in English. 我擅长英语
Joyce is good at singing. = Joyce does well in singing. Joyce擅长唱歌 Be strict about/ in sth 对某事要求严格 Be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
My mother is strict in/ about my study. 我的妈妈对我的学习要求严格 Our teacher is very strict with us. 我们的老师对我们要求很严格 Encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
He always encourages me to eat more fruits. 他常鼓励我多吃水果 Give up doing sth 放弃做某事 Dad gave up smoking. 爸爸戒烟了
注意：当give up 的宾语为代词时，只能放在give 和up 中间。 Don’t give it up. 不要放弃它 3. cheerful 形容词，“快乐的，高兴的”， -ful为形容词后缀。 We were all cheerful at the party. 在聚会上我们都很高兴
Help(帮助)---helpful(有帮助的) thank(感谢)-----thankful（感激的）
Care(小心)---careful(仔细的) use（用处）-----useful (有用的) 4.cook 厨师 cooker 炊具
5. A+ V.（动词）+ 副词比较级+than B 表示“A比B ….” Peter runs faster than I. 彼得跑得比我快
6.祈使句主要用来表示劝告、请求、命令、叮嘱的语气，可以分为三类 第一类是以动词原形开头
Listen to me, please！ 请听我说 第二类是以连系动词be 开头 Be quiet, please! 请安静 第三类是let sb +动词原形
Let’s have a rest! 让我们休息一会吧 在构成否定句时，直接在前面加don’t
Don’t let them play games. 别让他们玩游戏 助记：主语一般都是you, 平时不用说出口 肯定结构有三种， 谓语动词用原形 若要构成否定句， Don’t 放在最前头 7. be famous for… 以…而闻名
China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国以长城而闻名 In centre of… 在…..的中心/部
Prefer sth to sth 比起某物更喜欢某物
He prefers coffee to tea. 与茶相比，他更喜欢咖啡。 8.wake up 醒来
Wake sb up 唤醒某人
I woke up at five this morning. 今天早上五点钟我就醒了 Don’t forget to wake me up. 别忘了叫醒我。
Forget to do sth 忘记做某事，强调这件事还没做 Forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
9. If I plant this seed in the ground, will it become a pear tree? 如果我吧这粒种子种在地里，它会长成一棵梨树吗？ If 引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果”。主句用一般现在时，从句也要用一般现在时；主句用过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态；主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表将来。
Please tell me if he comes back. 如果他回来了，请告诉我一声。 10. A lot of the furniture is made of wood. 许多家具是由木头制成的。 Be made of 由….制成 辨析 Be made of 从产品中能看出原材料 制作过程中发生了物理 变化 Be made from 从产品中看不出原材料 制作过程中发生了化学变化 Our desks are made of wood. 我们的桌子是用木头做成的。（由外表直接可以看出来）
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。（从外表直接看不出原材料） 练习
1. ---Do you believe that paper is made___wood?
----Yes, I do. And you can see the books are made__-paper. A from; from B from; of C of; from D of; of 2. We’ll go for a picnic if it__-this Sunday. A rain B doesn’t rain C won’t rain 3. John is fast asleep. Don’t _________.
A wake up him B wake him up C wake he up 4.I prefer music concert ___soap operas(肥皂剧). A at B than C to D of
5. France is famous ___its fine food and wine. A for B as C to D at 6. Smoking is bad for your health. ___You’re right. I decide to ___.
A take it down B find it out C turn it off D give it up 7. This is my pet dog. I ___ it very well.
A look at B look for C look after C look up 8. Let me___ you how ___to our school.
A to tell;to get B tell; to get C to tell; arrive D tell; arrive
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