Abstract
The spherical tank is a steel container equipment, and a typical thin shell pressure vessel. It is mainly used in the storage and transportation of liquid or gaseous materials in the petroleum refining industry and petrochemical industry. Its operating temperature is between minus 50 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius, and its operating pressure is generally below 3MPa. When compared to cylindrical containers in the same diameter and pressure, spherical tank’s shell wall thickness is only half of the cylindrical container .It costs smaller amount of steel, covers smaller areas, and its basic engineering is simpler. But the manufacture, welding and assembly of spherical tanks is very strict and it costs a lot of inspection work, higher manufacturing. The spherical tank has been widely used in petroleum industry, chemical industry. It is an important and indispensable equipment in petrochemical installations. As the spherical tank is used for storage of flammable, explosive, toxic substances, it should be designed especially carefully. This article will use the large-scale engineering software ANSYS to numerically analyse the dynamic responses of spherical tank under different loads. It will help to guide the design of spherical tank out of wind, seismic, and snow. With the progress of social development and technology, the design and manufacturing of spherical tanks in petrochemical industry has developed towards the large-scale development. The current ability of the design and manufacturing of large spherical tanks is often seen as one of the measurements of the national technical level and comprehensive strength. Finite element analysis and design have been widely used in engineering. Finite element analysis techniques can make the design of spherical tank more reasonable. The construction of spherical tanks in China starts relatively late. Although develops rapidly, the level of the design, manufacturing and welding of spherical tanks cannot so far catch up with the international advanced level. There are still many problems to be solved. Through the use of large-scale engineering software ANSYS to numerically simulate the spherical tank equipment, to establish the three-dimensional model of the spherical tanks, to calculate and analyse the results, to consider the dynamic response of spherical tanks in the case of wind loads, seismic loads and snow loads, numerical analysis platform is provided for optimized design of the spherical tank.
[Keywords] Spherical tank; Three dimensional modeling; Numerical analysis;
FEM
目 录
1绪论 ................................................................ 1 1.1 课题背景 .......................................................... 1 1.2换热器的发展 ...................................................... 1 1.3有限元法概述 ...................................................... 3 1.3.1有限元方法历史 ................................................ 3 1.3.2有限元的基本步骤与表达式 ...................................... 4 1.4建模软件ANSYS ..................................................... 7 1.4.1 ANSYS有限元模型的建立 ........................................ 7 1.5 固定管板式换热器 .................................................. 8 1.5.1固定管板式换热器的结构 ....................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.2 换热器的工作原理 ............................. 错误！未定义书签。 1.6应力的产生 ....................................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.6.1 压力产生的应力 ............................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.6.2 温差产生的应力 ............................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.6.3 强度条件 ..................................... 错误！未定义书签。 2固定管板式换热器有限元数值分析 ...................................... 10 2.1固定管板换热器的应力场分析 ....................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2应力场有限元建模与数值分析 ....................................... 10 2.2.1建立换热器模型 ............................................... 12 2.2.2三维模型有限元剖分 ........................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.3机械场应力分析 ............................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.3固定管板换热器耦合场数值分析 ..................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.4耦合场有限元建模与数值分析 ....................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.4.1建立换热器模型 ............................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.4.2三维模型有限元剖分 ........................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.4.3耦合场应力分析 ............................... 错误！未定义书签。 结论 .................................................................. 13 参考文献 .............................................................. 14 致 谢 ................................................................ 15
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