李霄虹考研英语
research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是系词+过去分词+被动宾语：This seems mostly effectively done by... 2)research后面是双重定语not related to... but of...由此断定related to意思等于of 第三、词的处理： This (主语代词要译出来)这一问题 done 解决 not related to 与……无关 immediate goals 当前目标 possible consequence 可能的影响 〔参考译文〕给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。
74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是the world is so... that... 2) some后面有多重定语of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.第三、词的处理： elegant systems (精美的)完美的体系 in principle 一般而言 deal with 解决，处理 aspects 原义是方面，联系上下文译成课题，问题
〔参考译文〕然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standards of elegance. 第二、句子的结构： 1)as well as和，以及，连接两个并列主语，must arise作句子谓语 2)as they have in the past方式状语，as就像是……，同……一样 3)giving rise to...表示伴随状语。 第三、词的处理： New forms of thought 新的思维方式 new subjects for thought 新的思维对象 arise 出现 giving rise to 给出，产生，带来 new standards of elegance 完美的新标准
〔参考译文〕同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准
Unit 4 (1997年) 翻译题解：
71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Actually, it isn't, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干结构是主从复合句。 1)because引导原因状语从句
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李霄虹考研英语
2)that引导宾语从句，从句中是存在句结构there is an agreed account of human rights, 3)which从句的先行词是human rights，something后面是定语从句the world does not have. 第三、词的处理： Actually 事实上 it主语代词，根据上下文意思这种问法，这种说法，isn't后面省略的词应该是so或true an agreed account 约定的看法，共同的认识 human rights 人的权利，人权 〔参考译文〕事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是主从复合句：Some philosophers argue that... 2)that引导的是宾语从句 3)as part of...是宾语从句中的rights的主语补足语。 第三、词的处理： argue 论证 a social contract 社会契约 as part of 作为(是)……的一部分 entitlements 利益，权利
〔参考译文〕有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。
73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 第二、句子的结构是： 1)it invites you to think that...后面是宾语从句。 2) animals should be treated either with..., or with...要么……要么……，是表示选择的方式状语。 3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定语。 第三、词的处理： leads ...to extremes 引向极端 at the outset 从一开始 invites you to think 使人们认为 consideration 关切，体谅 humans extend to other humans 人对待人
〔参考译文〕这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是现在分词短语状语，主语+谓语+宾语从句。Arguing from...现在分词短语作状语。 2) the view和后面的从句that...是同位语关系 3) that...引导宾语从句。 第三、词的处理： Arguing from the view 从……观点看，持……观
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李霄虹考研英语
点 different from... 与……不同 in every relevant respect 在各相关方面 extremists 极端主义者，持极端观点的人 lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德问题范围，与道德取舍无关完整的译文： 74)这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 第二、句子主干结构是两个复合句： 1)When...是前一个复合句的时间状语 2)instinct后面的介词短语for moral reasoning in action是它的定语 3)that...是定语从句，修饰先行词an instinct，从句中是被动语态结构，表示选择。 第三、词的处理： that (代词作主语)联系上下文译为这种反应 mankind's instinct for moral reasoning 人类道德观念推理的本能 in action 起作用 rather than 而不
〔参考译文〕这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。
Unit 5 (1998年) 翻译题解：
71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looks intos the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago. 第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。 1)主句是强调句it was... that...被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past 2) for...引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句中的主语，that...是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。 第三、词的处理： even more important (省略)更为重要的是 the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构 15 billion years ago 150亿年前 〔参考译文〕但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干结构是一个简单句。 1)整体结构是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名
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李霄虹考研英语
词the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。 第三、词的处理： the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云 virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上 the Big Bang 大爆炸理论 first put forward 首创的，开始提出的 in the 1920s 二十年代 to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位 explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释
〔参考译文〕巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。
73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon. 第二、句子主干结构是： 1)主语+并列谓语Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主语的定语。
第三、词的处理： working with 使用，以……为工作手段 ground-based detectors 陆基探测器 the South Pole 南极 balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器 are closing in on 正越来越近 structures 云系 findings 观测结果
〔参考译文〕天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。
74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是―If引导的条件句，主句‖。 2)look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是―看上去和预想的一样‖。 3)another scientific idea和后面的短语a refinement of the Big Bang是同位语关系。 4)过去分词短语called the inflationary universe theory作定语，修饰the Big Bang. 第三、词的处理： the small hot spots 小热点 refinement 更完美，提炼，改进 the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀说(理论)
〔参考译文〕假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。
75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in
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