李霄虹考研英语
随……而来的，以及 far-reaching changes 深刻的变革，影响深远的变化 social patterns 社会结构 spread over 持续，延续 nearly a century 大约(将近、几乎)一个世纪 a developing nation 一个发展中国家 undergo 经历 in a decade or so 在10年左右的时间
〔参考译文〕在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的过程。
75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Additional social stresses may also occur / because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-/themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...简单句+ because of表示的原因状语。整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则，将主句放在最后。 2) because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems 3)名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements 4) themselves指前面的名词短语mass migration movements,后面的过去分词短语是themselves的定语。 第三、词的处理： Additional social stresses 新的(额外的)社会压力 occur 出现，产生 population explosion 人口猛增，人口爆炸 arising from 由……引起，产生于，来自于 mass migration movements 大量人口流动 migration 流动，迁移 modern means of transport 现代交通工具 means 工具，手段，途径
〔参考译文〕由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
Unit 8 (2001年)翻译题解：
71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, / and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them / when they offend. 第二、句子的结构是： 1)主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows..., and cars... 2)两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。 3)定语从句that will disable them修饰的先行词是pollution monitors，最后一个从句when they offend是定语从句中的状语从句。 第三、词的处理： television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，重点词hosted 主持 cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车 disable them 使汽车失灵(停止运行)them和they指代汽车 offend 多义词(汽车)污染超标，违规 〔参考译文〕届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的
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李霄虹考研英语
汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。
72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell- television, and digital age will have arrived. 〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, / computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是几个并列的简单句：Children will play with dolls..., computers...will be regarded as..., relaxation will be in front of..., and digital age will have arrived. 2)dolls带有过去分词短语equipped with personality chips做定语，computers的后置定语是介词短语with inbuilt personalities，personalities等于personality chips，宾语workmates rather than tools是并列结构，表示选择。 第三、词的处理： dolls equipped with personality chips 装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃 personality 个性，性格 computers with inbuilt personalities 个性内置的计算机 rather than 而不是 relaxation 休闲、放松、娱乐、消遣 smelltelevision 气味电视机 digital age 数字化时代
〔参考译文〕儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。
73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, / to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates / when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 第二、句子的结构是： 1)主句是简单句，to produce是结果状语。 2)calendar后面的that...是定语从句。 3)后面的when引导的也是定语从句，不是时间状语，译作的。 4)to take place作前面名词的定语。 第三、词的处理： Pearson 皮尔森(人名音译) pieced together 汇集；综合 around the world 世界各地，全世界 produce 编制 a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历 the latest dates 最近日期 key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破 〔参考译文〕皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But that, Pearson points out, is only the
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李霄虹考研英语
start of man-machine integration: /It will be the beginning of the long process of integration / that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是that..., is only the start of...系表结构 2) beginning后面有多重定语：两个of短语和一个that will ultimately lead to定语从句。 3)Pearson points out插入语，翻译时放在句首。 4)在the long process of integration结构中，integration前省略了定语man-machine，翻译时要补出。 5)lead to a fully electronic human动词和宾语之间意思省略，翻译时要加词。 第三、词的处理： that 代词作主语，指代上文前面―的‖ a breakthrough 突破，一定要译出。 the start of man machine integration 人机一体化的开始 lead to 引起出现，导致产生 a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人，完全的电子人 before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前
〔参考译文〕皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。
75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：And home appliances will also become so smart / that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout / of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage. 第二、句子主干结构是：so smart that...如此……以至于(从句)…… 第三、词的处理： home appliances 家用电器 smart 聪明，智能化 result in the breakout of 引发，导致，出现 psychological disorder 心理混乱(失调) kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症，厨房愤怒，厨房生气
〔参考译文〕家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病--厨房狂燥症。
Unit 9 (2002年) 翻译题解：
61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为两段：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 第二、句子的结构是： 1)主干结构是表语从句One difficulty is that... 2)almost all of what is called behavioral science是表语从句中的主语部分，后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。第三、词的处理：continues to trace behavior to继续针对……研究行为 behavioral science 行为科学 states of mind 心态，意识状态 feelings 感情 traits of character 性格特点
〔参考译文〕难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特
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李霄虹考研英语
征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The behavioral sciences have been slow to change/partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and/partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 第二、句子的主干结构是：主句+两个并列关系的原因状语从句之所以……，部分是因为……，部分是因为…… 第三、词的处理： the explanatory items 用以解释的要素(内容，项目) other kinds of explanations 其他解释方式 〔参考译文〕行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为四段：The role of natural selection in evolution/was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, /and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual/is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 第二、句子的主干结构是两个表示时间对比的并列句The role of...was formulated only..., and the selective role of...is only beginning to...每一个句子的主语都比较长，都是名词+介词短语结构。 第三、词的处理： in evolution 在演化中 formulated 阐述；表述；解释；论证 shaping 形成(造就) maintaining 保持，维护 recognized 认可，承认
〔参考译文〕自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they're essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
〔试题精析〕第一、句子可以拆分为三段：They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, /and they're essential to practices/in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是两个并列句They are the possessions of ... and they're essential to... 2)in which...是practices的定语从句。 第三、词的处理： They 它们(自由与尊严)，代词做主语 possessions 所有物 autonomous (self-governing) 自主行为的；自我管理的；自我约束的 practices 实践活动 is held responsible for 对……负责 given credit for 认可；赞誉；给予肯定
〔参考译文〕自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
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