time(每当)，the first time／(the)next time／．．．／the last time(第一次，下次，……，最后一次)均可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
Each time(that)I saw him I knew more about him． 每见他一次我就对他多一分了解。 Every time I travelled by boat，I got seasick．我每次乘船都晕船。 Next time you come，you'll see him．下次来时，你会看见他。
The first time l met her，I knew we would be friend. 我第一次看到她就意识到我们会成为朋友。
【语法学习难点】 被动语态
英语中的动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
1.基本结构：主语+助动词be +及物动词的过去分词
例：The company makes this kind of TV set.这家公司制造这种电视机。 This kind of TV set is made in that company. 这种电视机由这家公司制造。
（this kind of TV set 是 make这个动作的承受者，所以要用被动语态be made ）。要指出动作的执行者，可用“介词by+动作的执行者”结构。
例如：This letter was written by my brother. 这封信是我弟弟写的。 2.其他句式变化：
否定句：This kind of TV set is not made in that company. 这种电视机不是由那家公司生产的。
一般疑问句：Is this kind of TV set made in that company? 这种电视机由这家公司制造的吗？
特殊疑问句：Where is this kind of TV set made? 这种电视机由哪里制造的？ 3.什么情况下用被动语态： 1).不清楚动作执行者是谁时；
例如：His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被偷了。 （不知道也没有办法知道是谁干的） 2).没有必要或不想说出动作执行者时；
例如：Rice is grown well there. 那里的稻子长得很好。 3).强调动作的承受者时；
例如：This book has been sold out, but that one hasn’t. 这种书卖光了，那种没卖光。
3.及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。只有这些不及物动词与介词或副词构成不可分割的短语，并且带有宾语时，才可用被动语态。 例如：The old man is looked after very well in the hospital. 那老人在医院受到很好的照看。
4.有些动词带有双宾语，变成被动语态时，两个宾语都可以作被动语态句中的主语，但间接宾语作主语的较多。
例如：He gives me one yuan a day. 他每天给我一块钱。 I am given one yuan a day. One yuan is given to me a day.
5.有些动词后接不定式作宾语原可省“to” 的，变成被动语态时要加上“to”。 例如：The teacher often makes us read English aloud in the morning.
老师常要我们早上大声朗读英语。
We are often made to read English aloud in the morning(by the teacher).
【考查要点】
一、主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。例如：
1. Today Chinese _____by more and more people around the world. A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak （2006北京市大纲卷）
2. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village？ -A lot of new roads _____，I think.
A. have to build B. must build C. have built D. must be built （2006湖北黄冈） （Key：1. B 2. D）
简析：被动语态的句子是由“助动词be＋动词的过去分词”这一形式构成的。过去分词永远不变，所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化，都体现在助动词be的变化上。 二、特殊情况：
（一）在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“by＋动作的执行者”可以省略。 1. I won’t leave my office until my work .
A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished （2006江苏南通）
简析：D.动作的执行者很明确，可以省略。
（二）不知道动作的执行者是谁，使用被动语态比较适宜。
2. Dad， the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum_____on the phone. A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want （2006江苏宿迁）
简析：A.不清楚动作的执行者，用被动语态。
（三）用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。
3. Students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. （改为被动语态） Magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students. （2006重庆市）
简析：填be taken out of.take out of为短语动词，变为被动语态后，不要漏掉out of. （四）带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常有两种方法：把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前通常加介词to或for；或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变。
4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.（改为被动语态） A Christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year. 简析：填was sent.
【典型题例解析】
1. 原题：When your homework ______, you may go shopping.
A. was done B. will be done C. is done D. are done 解答； 答案“C”。When引导的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。 句中主语是homework（单数），因此用被动语态is done.
被动语态Ｂ
一般过去时的被动语态跟一般现在时的被动语态结构相同，只是助动词 be变成相应过去式was/were.
例如：These pencils were made in Shanghai last year. 这些铅笔是去年在上海造的。 ------When was the computer built? ------It was built in 1997.
这台电脑什么时候造的？１９９７年。 The room was cleaned by Tom yesterday. 这房间是汤姆昨天打扫的。 2. 疑难题导析：
He saw her come out of the library. ( 改为被动语态) 误：She was seen come out of the library. 正： She was seen to come out of the library. 解析： 凡主动语态的句子中有省去不定式符号to 的不定式作宾语补足语，改为被动语态时，必须将不定式符号to 加上，此时的不定式事实上是主语的补足语了，再则也不能在谓语动词后紧跟一个动词原形。
3. Many more houses ________ for teachers in this city since 1998.
A. were building B. are being built C. were built D. have been built 答案选“D”。首先肯定“house” 与 “build”之间是被动关系，再看由since 引起的状语，主句动词要用完成式。
4. Jim with his parents ________ many places of interest in China. A. is visited B. have visited C. has visited D. are visited 答案选“C”。 本题主要弄清主语是谁。原句含义： “与父母一起，吉姆去过中国的好多名胜。”本句中主语Jim 不受with 结构（作状语）影响，谓语用单数；主谓之间没有被动关系，不选“A”。
5. The picture ______ by the student just now.
A, took down B. taken down C. was taken down D. was down taken 答案选“C”。 本题主要考查一般过去时的被动语态，带有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢弃。
6. Tom ______ a birthday present every year.
A. is often given B. often is given C. is given by D. is always given 答案选“D”。注意：often, always, never等副词，必须放在助动词与行为动词之间。句中时间状语用了every year，说明是每年的事，应选用always. 同义句转换：The students clean the classroom every day.
7. The classroom _____ ______ _______ the students every day.
答案是 is cleaned by. 被动语态的谓语动词结构“be + 及物动词的过去分词”。
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