语音知识
1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u
2) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.
3) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 4) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 5) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand。 6) 开音节: a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he,go,hi。
7) 闭音节: a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;
b)元音+辅音it。
8) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
读音规则
1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。
2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana,student,today,after,[i] orange,secret,evening,very,Monday。
特殊读音
1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。
not at all,half an hour,I love you and all、after all。
2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。
good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme。 3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。
Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Can't you see it? last year,this year。 重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。
b)有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,
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pre-,per-,pro-,trans-
等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,
in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late
c)有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的
词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord; 'insult,in'sult; 'conduct,con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content,con'tent。
d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。
'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war。 B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy。
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原词根的重音读音
'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment。
c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive 后缀的词,重音在
这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,
suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective。
d)词尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。 enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette。
英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)
长元音 短元音 /ɑ/ / ?/ /e?/ /?/ /?/ /a?/ / ?/ /?/ /??/ /i/ /?/ /U/ /?/ /e/ /?/ 2
双元音 /??/ /e?/ /??/ 辅音(28个)
/??/ /a?/ 轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/ 轻辅音 /?/ / h/ /ts/ /t?/ /tr/ 浊辅音 /?/ / r/ /dz/ /d?/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/ /n/ /?/ 半元音 / j/ / w/ 边音 / ?/ 20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i][i][t][d][n][j][r][E][E][k][g] [N][l][C][C][f][v][u][u][s][z][B][Q][W][T][e[A] [F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][E][uE][tr][dr][Eu] [au][ts][dz] 48个国际音标表 元音 12个单元音 长元音
[i][E][C][u][B] 短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][E][uE][Eu][au] 辅音 10对 清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts] 浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz] 3个鼻音 [m][n][N] 3个似拼音
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[h][r][l] 2个半元音 [w][j]
英语语音名词解释
1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 0-01 2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如:长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02
3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 0-03
4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 0-04
5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup 0-05
6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如:丩stu-dent 碈hi-na 磗ec-ond 碼u-tumn in-磀eed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:
a丩bout be磃ore ex碿use re磒air for-磄et-ful in-磛en-tor 0-06 7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如:丩el-e-phant con-grat-u-磍a-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scien丩tific im磒ression 磏ation
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
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a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 1-01 在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back 1-02 e 在开音节中 [i] he these me Chinese 1-03 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04 i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06 o 在开音节中 [u] those close go hoe home no 1-07 在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 1-08 u 在开音节中 [ju] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09 在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u]音,例如:June blue ruler super 1-11 二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a [] China another woman breakfast 2-01 [i] orange comrade village cabbage 2-02 e [] hundred student open moment 2-03 [i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04 i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal 2-05 [ai] exercise satellite 2-06
o [] second tonight somebody welcome 2-07 [u] also zero photo 2-08 u [] autumn difficult 2-09
[ju()] popular congratulation January 2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate 2-11
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u()]音,例如:July influence February issue 2-12
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。 三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号 a在[w]音后面 []
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want what watch wash quality 3-01
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [_]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father 3-02
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai]
find child light high 3-03 o在-st -ld前 [ou]
most postcard old cold 3-04
o在m n v th前 []
come monkey love mother 3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 ar
ar在[w]音后面 [_] car farm dark sharpener 4-01 [] warm quarter towards 4-02 or
or在[w]音后面 [] forty morning short 4-03 [] word worker worse 4-04
er ir ur [] certainly bird Thursday 4-05
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry berry mirror sorry hurry 4-06
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday
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五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 are [錧 care dare hare 5-01 ere [i] here mere 5-02 ire [ai] fire hire wire 5-03 ore [] more score before 5-04 ure [ju] pure cure 5-05
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如:salary 5-06
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。
例如:parent zero inspiring story during 5-07
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:orange very American paragraph forest spirit 5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play 6-01 air [錧 air hair chair pair repair 6-02 al al在f m前
[] small ball talk wall all 6-03 [l] always also salt almost 6-04 [_] half calm 6-05
au/aw [] autumn daughter draw 6-06 ea [i] teach easy cheap please 6-07 [e] heavy bread sweater weather 6-08 [ei] break great 6-09
ear [i] hear dear near clear year 6-10
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[錧 bear pear wear swear 6-11 [] earth learn early 6-12 ee [i] jeep week green three 6-13 eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14 ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6-15 eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju] new few newspaper 6-16 [u] flew brew jewelry 6-17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i] piece field receive seize 6-18 oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-19 oar/oor [] roar board door floor 6-20 oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6-21 oo [u] broom food tooth school 6-22 [u] book look cook foot good 6-23 ou/ow [au] flower house count down 6-24 [u] know row throw though 6-25 [] young country enough 6-26 [u] group you soup through 6-27 our [] course your four 6-28 [au] our hour ours 6-29 [] journey 6-30 ui
ui 在j l r s后 [jui] fluid suicide tuition 6-31 [u] juice fruit suit 6-32
九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 b [b] bike bus bag 9-01 [/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02 c
c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03
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[s] face decide cinema 9-04 ch [] much chick rich teacher 9-05 [k] school headache chemistry 9-06 [] machine Chicago 9-07
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08 d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09 -dge [] bridge fridge 9-10
dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11 f [f] five four breakfast 9-12 g
g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go 9-13 [] orange large German 9-14 -gh
gh- [f] cough enough rough 9-15 [] sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16
gu- -gue [] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17 [w] language anguish penguin 9-18 h [h] hot head house hand 9-19 [/] hour honest honor 9-20 j [] jeep jar joke join July 9-21 k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22 kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23 l [l] life milk school tall 9-24 m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25 -mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26 n
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9-27 [?] uncle thank hungry 9-28 -ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29 p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30
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ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31 -q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32 qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33 r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34 s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35 [z] music husband 9-36
sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37 [s] muscle science 9-38 sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39 t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-40 [] patient nation 9-41 tch
[] watch catch match 9-42 th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中
[鑍 thin thirty method 9-43 [餧 the these with than 9-44 [餧 clothe father weather 9-45 tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46 v [v] very voice love leave 9-47 w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48 [/] answer two 9-49 wh-
wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9-50 [h] who whose whole 9-51 x
在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-52 [gz] example exist exact 9-53
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wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54 y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55
z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56英语26个字母发音法(26个字母及其音标) A B C D E F G
[e] [bi] [si] [di] [i] [Gf] [dIi] H I J L M N
[etN] [a0] [dIe] [ke] [Gl] [Gm] [Gn] O P Q R S T U
[o] [pi] [kju] [Ar] [Gs] [ti] [ju] V W Y
[vi] ['dblju] [Gks] [wa0] [zi]
英语学习:48个国际音标表 用对称法排序 20个辅音 3个鼻音 2个半元音 3个似拼音 20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i][i][t][d][n][j][r][E][E][k][g] [N][l][C][C][f][v][u][u][s][z][B][Q][W][T][e[A] [F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][E][uE][tr][dr][Eu] [au][ts][dz] 48个国际音标表 元音 12个单元音 长元音
[i][E][C][u][B] 短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][E][uE][Eu][au]
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辅音 10对 清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts] 浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz] 3个鼻音 [m][n][N] 3个似拼音 [h][r][l] 2个半元音 [w][j]
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