开放英语II(1)1-6阶段复习

英语II（1）第一阶段学习小结

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深圳电大 苏曼华

Units 1-6中主要学习的语法项目：（重难点）

1． 六种现在时态和过去时态的区别和运用（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时）(Units 1, 3, 5) 时态 结构 举例（write） write/writes 一般现在时 V (动词原形) am/is/are writing 现在进行时 am/is/are + V-ing (现在分词) have/has written 现在完成时 have/has + V-ed (过去分词) wrote 一般过去时 V-ed (动词过去式) was/were writing 过去进行时 was/were + V-ing (现在分词) had written 过去完成时 had + V-ed (过去分词) 注意：

（1） 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较：

（a）一般过去时指发生在过去的动作或状态，可以指某次具体的动作，也可以指重复性的动作；现在完成时则强调过去的动作或事情对现在和将来的影响，着眼点在现在。例如： I lost my pen just now. (仅表示过去的动作)

I’ve lost my pen. I have to write with a pencil. (对现在产生影响)

（b）一般过去时通常与表示过去的特定时间状语连用（此时不能用现在完成时）。例如： Tom lost his key yesterday. When I was a little girl, my brothers and I collected stamps for many years.

询问某事发生的具体时间或地点时（when, what time, where），必须用一般过去时。 例如：What time did they arrive? When and where were you born? （c）现在完成时经常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用（since…, for…, so far）；与表示不确定的时间副词及短语连用（already, before, yet, recently, lately, ever, never等）；与包括现在在内的时间状语连用 （now, just, today, this month, always, in the past few days等）。例如： She has taught English for ten years. I haven’t told you this before. He’s finished his homework today. 所以在使用这两种时态时，要特别注意与他们搭配使用的时间状语。 （2）现在完成时与过去完成时的比较：

现在完成时用于表示过去的经历或过去的动作或事情对现在和将来的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。过去完成时常用来描述在过去某一时间或过去某一动作以前完成的动作或事件，着眼点在过去，动作是过去的过去。例如： I’ve seen the film. （对现在而言）

I had seen the film before I came to Shenzhen. （对过去动作came而言） 练习：

1. I ___ a good film on TV at the moment. (样题)

A. watch B. am watching C. watched D. was watching 2. Judy ___ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ___ to go there. (样题) A. has been to… wants B. went to… wanted C. has gone to… wants D. goes to… wants

3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ___ when he ___ at the party. (04年7月题) A. left; had arrived B. had left; had arrived C. left; arrived D. had left; arrived

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4. I broke my leg when I ___ skiing in America. (04年7月题) (06年1月题) A. /（不填） B. am C. is D. was

5. She told me she ___ well before the flight. (04年7月题)

A. hadn?t slept B. didn?t sleep C. hasn?t slept D. doesn?t sleep 6. By the end of last week, we ___ eighteen lessons. (05年1月题) A. learned B. had learned C. would learn D. have learned 7. Before 1988, I ___ George Bush. (05年7月题)

A. have never heard of B. didn?t hear of C. had never heard of D. wouldn?t hear of 8. Four years ___ since I ___ the army. (05年7月题)

A. passed…joined B. have passed…have joined C. passed…have joined D. have passed…joined 9. By the end of this year, we ___ 50000 yuan. (05年7月题)

A. will save B. will have saved C. will be saving D. would have saved 10. She has studied English ___ three years. (06年1月题) A. since B. for C. during D. after 11. Someone has ___ the window. (06年1月题)

A. broke B. broken C. been broken D. breaking 12. He has ___ four successful books. (Unit 12题)

A. wrote B. written C. been writing 13. I have lived here ___ 1997. (Unit 12题) A. for B. since C. at

14. She has lived here ___ three years. (Unit 6题) A. since B. for C. during

15. I have no idea when the celebration ___, but I?ll be the first to attend when it __. a. will take place; is held b. will take place; will be held c. take places; is held d. takes place; will be held 16. I ___ to Paris several times.

a. went b. have gone c. have been d. was going 17. Alice has lived in China for ten years, so she ___ the life here.

a. used to b. get used to c. go used to d. has got used to 18. Just as I ___ the house, the phone ___.

a. was leaving…rang b. was leaving…would ring c. left…had rung d. had left…would ring 19. The man who ___ into the house was taken to prison.

a. had broken b. has broken c. will break d. breaks 20. He ___ in Shanghai for five years before he came to Beijing.

a. was working b. has worked c. had worked d. would work Key: BADDA, BCDBB, BBBBA, CDAAC 2． 一般过去时被动语态 (Unit 2)

英语语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和宾语之间的关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态度表示主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象。例如：

The policeman caught the thief. （主动语态）

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The thief was caught by the policeman. （被动语态） 被动语态的结构： 时态 被动语态结构(be + V-ed) 举例（write） is/are written 一般现在时 is/are + V-ed (过去分词) was/were written 一般过去时 was/were + V-ed (过去分词) 例句： They gave me two hours to make my decision. I was given two hours to make my decision. An old lady saw the thief leaving the building. The thief was seen leaving the building by an old lady. They made him tell everything. He was made to tell everything. 练习：

1. The book ___ in English. (样题)

A. writes A. write C. is writing D. is written

2. Students ___ to bring their dictionaries in that examination. (05年7月题) A. allowed B. were allowed C. was allowed D. are allowed 3. The house ___ built last year. (06年1月题)

A. has been B. was C. is being D. had been 4. The road ___ built last year. (Unit 6题)

A. has been B. was C. is being 5. The children _____ by the nurse.

A. are taken good care B. have taken good care of C. are taken good care of D. will take good care 6. The Great Wall ___ all over the world.

A. was known B. was knew C. is known D. is know 7. Let me show you round our power station. It ___ last year.

A. has completed B. completed C. complete D. was completed 8. The policeman was attacked ___ a knife. A. on B. by C. with Key: DBBBC, CDC 3． 定语从句 (Unit 4)

定语从句在句子中作定语用，修饰句中的某一名词（或代词）。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词，先行词一般为人、物或事件。定语从句一般皆放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。 注意学习以下关系词： 关系词 用法和注意事项 例句 who 指人，在定语从句中作主、宾、（作宾I am the only person who knows the 语时可省略）。注意：作主语时，定语story. 从句的谓语必须与先行词在单复数方The girls who know the story are my colleagues. 面一致。 which 指物，在定语从句中作主、宾、（作宾I have found the keys (which/that) I lost. 语时可省略）。注意：当先行词是不定Is there anything that I can do for you? 代词或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级 （此处不能用which） 3

that whose where 修饰时不能用which。 多指物，也指人，在定语从句中作主、宾、（作宾语时可省略）。注意：that不可用在非限定定语从句中，不可用在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中。 指人、动物和无生命东西的所有格。 (who的所有格) 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 I listened to journalists that/who were excited about the changes. It hit the police car that/which was stopping the traffic. I started looking after other children whose parents went out to work. We met at the same place where I saw him last. 例句：

He talked to Mr. White who/that was the chairman of the committee. The book which/that you are reading is written by Mark Twain. A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach. 练习：

1. I?d like a room ___ windows look out over the sea. (05年1月题) A. that B. which C. what D. whose

2. The boy ___ father is a worker studies very hard. (05年7月题) A. who?s B. whose C. which D. that 3. That?s the house ___ door was broken. (06年1月题) A. that B. which C. whose d. what 4. He is the man ___ dog bit me. (Unit 6题) A. that B. which C. whose 5. Is it the best place ___ you?ve ever visited?

a. on which b. that c. where d. which 6. Everything ___ can be done has been done.

a. that b. on which c. in what d. by which 7. The building ___ roof we can see from here is a hotel. a. which b. that c. that?s d. whose 8. September 10th is the day ___ we shall never forget.

a. which b. on which c. when d. about which 9. I know the lady ___ you?re going to ___.

a. on which…call b. on that…call c. on who…call d. /… call on 10. They are the women ___ cars were stolen.

a. who b. whom c. whose d. that 11. It?s the silliest argument ___ I?ve ever heard.

a. on which b. that c. to which d. in which

12. Alva found a place in the cellar ___ he used as his first laboratory. a. which b. where c. such d. the same key: DBCCB, ADADC, BA 4． 谈论将来的方法 (Units 4, 5)

谈论将来可以用现在进行时、be going to 结构，plan to do sth，I?d like to…, I hope to…, I might结构，它们之间有微妙的差别，大家可以参看教材95页的说明，在使用时加以注意。 当说话者谈论的是意图或固定的计划时,可以使用下列句式: I’m going to get married next year.

I plan/ I’m planning to buy a new house this year.

I’m looking forward to meeting my girlfriend this summer.

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