[专升本类试卷]浙江专升本（英语）模拟试卷4
0 Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕)of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.
The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people's hair.
\a geologist at the University of Utah.
While U. S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.
Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes(同位素). The heaviest raid falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.
Similar patterns exist throughout the U. S. . By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.
Cerling's team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.
They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.
\精确定位),\many possibilities. \
Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.
The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.
When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers.
Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.
She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.
\
1 What is the scientists' new discovery?
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（A）One's hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.
（B）A person's hair may reveal where they have lived.
（C）Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.
（D）The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.
2 What does the author mean by \
（A）Food and drink affect one's personality development.
（B）Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.
（C）Food and drink leave traces in one's body tissues.
（D）Food and drink are indispensable to one's existence.
3 What is said about the rainfall in America's West?
（A）There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.
（B）The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.
（C）Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.
（D）It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.
4 What did Cerling's team produce in their research?
（A）A map showing the regional differences of tap water.
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（B）A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.
（C）A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.
（D）A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.
5 What is the practical value of Cerling's research?
（A）It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.
（B）It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.
（C）It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.
（D）It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.
5 The greatest contribution to civilization last century may well be the air-conditioning, and amazing is the speed at which this situation came to be in America. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War II. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants.
But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially altered the country's character and customs.
Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of sensitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled. . .
It has, at will, forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. It is really surprising that the public's often noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has coincided with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural variations in climate, air-conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly
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useful technical developments that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way—while indirectly weakening him in others.
6 According to this passage, which of the following constitutes the unique character of U. S. ?
（A）Its excessive use of air-conditioning.
（B）Its advanced computerized civilization
（C）Its public's retreating into self - pursuit.
（D）Its greatest contribution to human civilization.
7 According to the passage, the chief consequence brought about by the wide application of air-conditioning is______.
（A）the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate
（B）the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life
（C）the active life style of all its users
（D）the decreased human production and power
8 The tone of this passage reveals that air-conditioning______.
（A）has little effect on its users
（B）has more effect on body than on mind
（C）brings more benefits than damage to its users
（D）does harm as well as good to its users
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9 Who benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author?
（A）Medical experts.
（B）Manufacturers.
（C）Factory laborers.
（D）Consumers.
10 What is the author's overall attitude towards air-conditioning?
（A）Neutral
（B）Objective
（C）Critical
（D）Compromising
10 It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia(学术界)outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee's is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a
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