论《诗经》成语的结构与语义变迁

南 京 大 学

本科生毕业论文（设计）答辩记录、成绩评定

答辩记录： 答辩记录人签名： 答辩小组评语： 答辩小组成员：________________________________________ 成绩____________ 组长签名： 答辩时间： 年 月 日 IV

南京大学本科生毕业论文（设计）中文摘要 毕业论文题目： 论《诗经》成语的结构与语义变迁 海外教育学院 院系 对外汉语 专业 08 级本科生姓名： xx 指导教师（姓名、职称）： xx讲师

摘要：《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，也是我国现实主义文学的源头，其对后世的影响不仅表现在文学方面更表现在文化方面。本文采用定量及定性的统计分析方法，对源自《诗经》的成语进行结构和语义的分析，并尝试分析经过历史变迁，这些成语在结构、语义方面的变化以及其沿用至今的原因。经过分析发现源自《诗经》的成语联合式结构发展增多，符合汉语对称和谐的语言习惯；成语的语义多有引申扩大，少数完全改变原义；源自《诗经》的成语得以沿用至今的原因包括其内容、修辞、文化的方面。

关键词：诗经成语；成语结构；成语语义；成语变化；沿用原因

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南京大学本科生毕业论文（设计）英文摘要 THESIS： A Brief Discussion on Structure and Semantic Change of Idioms from

Shijing

DEPARTMENT：Institution for international students SPECIALIZATION: teaching Chinese as a second language UNDERGRADUATE: Zheng Di MENTOR: Zhao Li

ABSTRACT：Shijing is not only the first collection of Chinese poetries, but also the source of realistic literature, its influence for our future generations shows in literature and the cultural aspects. This paper will analyze those idioms in Shijing from two parts: structure and semanteme by the statistical methods in quantitative and qualitative parts. I try to analyse the changes of those idioms' structures, semanteme and the reasons why they are still in use today. According to the analysis, the united structure has growed and inosculated the lingual habit of the Chinese language's balance. Meanwhile，their most meanings have grew and enlarged，the rest has been totally different. The reasons why these idioms are still in use include aspects like their content, rhetoric and culture.

KEY WORDS: idioms from Shijing; idiom structures; idiom semanteme; idiom

changes; adopted reasons

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目录

南京大学本科生毕业论文（设计）中文摘要 ................................................... 5 目录 ..................................................................................................................................... - 1 - 一、前言 ........................................................................................................................... - 2 -

（一）前人研究综述 .................................................................................................... - 2 - （二）研究方法及语料选择 ....................................................................................... - 4 -

二、《诗经》成语结构研究 .................................................................................. - 5 -

（一）源自《诗经》的固定型成语（113个）结构分类比较 ........................... - 5 - （二）《诗经》整理型成语结构的固定 ................................................................. - 6 -

三、从《诗经》用语到成语的词义演变 ......................................................... - 8 -

（一）古今词义相同 .................................................................................................... - 8 - （二）今义对古义的扩大引申 .................................................................................. - 8 - （三）古今异义 ............................................................................................................ - 9 -

四、从《诗经》用语到现代汉语成语固化的原因 .................................. - 10 -

（一）《诗经》成语内容 ......................................................................................... - 10 - （二）《诗经》成语的修辞 ..................................................................................... - 12 - （三）《诗经》成语的语言音律 ............................................................................ - 14 - （四）《诗经》成语的文化内涵 ............................................................................ - 15 -

五、结论 ......................................................................................................................... - 19 - 主要参考文献 .............................................................................................................. - 20 - 致谢 ................................................................................................................................... - 22 - 附录 ................................................................................................................................... - 23 -

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