词汇总结

第二章 词汇考点解析

历年专升本试题中，词汇部分重点是对动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词的测试，测试的焦点主要集中在词义辨析、词组搭配与用法上。归纳起来，有以下几种： 1． 同义词、近义词辩意，例如：

Those scientists were conducting an experiment and expected a good _____. A. effect B. result C. consequence D. affect 2． 形近词辩意，例如：

The rain was heavy and ____ the house was damaged.

A. consequently B. constantly C. consistently D. continuously 3． 动词短语辩意，例如：

Once a decision is made, it must be firmly _____.

A. carried on B. carried out C. carried away D. carried off 4． 习惯用语辩意，例如：

Under heavy gunfire, those cameramen risked their lives to give ____ battlefield reports. A. word-for-word B. face-to-face C. down-to-earth D. on –the-spot

第一节 名词考点解析

一、名词的单复数

1．大多数名词的复数形式，是在名词后加上-s或-es，特殊情况如下：

child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, ox-oxen, phenomenon-phenomena, synthesis-syntheses（综合；合成）, thesis-theses 2．有些名词只有单数形式，例如：

advice, bread, food, fruit, furniture, homework, luggage, information, damage, knowledge, population, traffic, equipment 3．有些名词单复数同形，例如：

Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, buffalo, shark 4． 有些名词常用复数形式，例如：

clothes, customs, arms, glasses, goods, scissors, shoes, trousers, stockings, papers 5． 而news, means, whereabouts（行踪、下落）形式是复数，用作单数； police, people, poultry, cattle形式是单数，却用作复数。

6． 以-s结尾的学科、疾病名称看作是单数，例如：acoustics(声学), economics, electronics, mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, measles 二、常见易混淆的名词

1. affair事务 incident偶发的事件 accident事故 event事变；事件 2. altitude高度；海拔 attitude态度；姿态 3. analysis分析 comment评论

4. border边界 margin页边空白 5. custom习俗 customs海关

6. contest 比赛；竞争 context（文章）上下文

7. conversation谈话；对话 conservation保存；保护 8. discount折扣 account叙述；报导 9. fare (车、船)费 fee学费；酬金 10. evolution发展\\演变 revolution革命

11. habit习惯 custom习俗；习惯 hobby业余爱好 12. award奖品；奖金 reward报酬；报应 13. limit限 limitation局限

- 1 -

14. perspective透视图；远景 prospect前途；展望 15. response反应 reaction反应 reflection反映 16. signature签名 sign标记；符号 signal信号 17. silence寂静 calm平静 peace安静 18. source来源 resource资源

19. statute法令；法规 statue塑像；雕像

status身份；社会地位 stature身高；气质；才干 20. trace痕迹 track足迹；轨迹 三、 名词专练

1. This article deals with the natural phenomenon which ____ most interesting to everyone. A. are B. is C. were D. has

2. Before we moved in the new house, we bought many _____.

A. furnitures B. furniture C. pieces of furniture D. equipments 3. Ten years had elapsed. I found she had _____. A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hairs D. a few white hair 4. We saw a lot of ____.

A. cow and sheep B. cows and sheeps C. cow and sheeps D. cows and sheep 5. Every means ____ been tried since then. A has B. have C. are D. is

6. The police ____ to report to headquarters immediately.

A. are required B. is required C. requires D. require 7. Julie went to the ____ to buy a pair of shoes.

A. shoes store B. shoe store C. shoe’s stores D. shoe’s store

8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ____. A. rooms number B. room number C. room’s number D. room numbers 9. Jim and Ronald are ____.

A. my father and mother’s friends B. my father’s and mother’s friends C. my father and mother friends D. friends of mine father and mother 10. I will give you _____to finish it.

A. two weeks time B. two week’s time C. two weeks time D. two weeks’ time Keys:

1-5BCCDA 6-10ABDAD 四、历年专升本真题 公共英语试题

1. Tom succeeded in getting a ____ of $3,000 from the bank to buy a new house. (2002) A. debt B. fund C. loan D. payment

2. The ____ into the fire accident was carried out by two policemen. A. question B. doubt C. investigation D. information

3. Those scientists were conducting an experiment and expected a good ____. (2003) A. effect B. result C. consequence D. affect

4. What they have done for us can’t be measured in ____ of money. A. way B. means C. terms D. place

- 2 -

5. Many new ____ will be opened up in the future for those with university education. (2004) A. opportunities B. necessities C. realities D. possibilities

6. The _____ power of the people in this town has been decreasing because most young people have left for the big cities.

A. shopping B. purchasing C. enduring D. spending

7. There are no ____ medicine for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome（AIDS）. A. effect B. effective C. efficient D. efficacy

8. Hemingway spoke highly of such ____ as loyalty, courage and determination shown by human beings in his works. (2005)

A. features B. appearances C. virtues D. characteristics 9. There is no ____ arguing about it, just do as you are told. A. reason B. way C. point D. meaning 10. She agreed without the slightest ___. (anhui 2005) A. hesitation B. thinking C. look D. hope

11. Is there any ___ they’ll ever find a cure for the common cold? A. prospective B. prospect C. prosperity D. prosperous

12. The seller signed the ___, promising to ship the goods before the end of July. (shanxi 2005) A. contact B. treaty C. contrast D. contract

13. They always keep on good ___ with their next-door neighbors for the children’s sake. (2006)

A. friendship B. terms C. relations D. relatives 14. I’m afraid that there is no ___ for you in my car. A. place B. seat C. corner D. room

15. I don’t feel like swimming in the sea today. I’d rather lie in the ___. A. coast B. bank C. seaside D. beach

16. The actual cost of the house was higher than their original ___. A. consideration B. plan C. judgment D. estimate 17. I saw a traffic ____ this morning. (2007)

A. event B. conflict C. damage D. accidnet 18. Those oponions are now out of ____.

A. order B. form C. mood D. fashion

19. The population of the world is growing at a dangerous ____. A. step B. measure C. rate D. progress

20. A man who wants to start a business must have some . (2008) A. currency B. income C. wealth D. capital

21. At the conference he expressed some personal views which brought him into with the Party leadership.

A. action B. crisis C. conflict D. power

22. The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original . A. consideration B. judgement C. estimate D. plan

23. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into when judging my examination. A. regard B. counting C. account D. observation

24. We have still tremendous to overcome before we achieve our goal. A. obligations B. objections C. obstacles D. objects 25. It wasn’t an accident. He did it on .

A. reason B. intention C. purpose D. determination

- 3 -

26. Having applied for a in the office of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.

A. position B. career C. profession D. location

Keys: 1-5CCBCA 6-10BBCCA 11-15BDBDD 16-20DDDCD 21-26CCCCCA 专业英语试题

1. Too much ____ to X-rays can skin burns, cancer or damage to the body. (2002) A. disclosure B. contact C. exposure D. connections 2. She could never put any ____ into her writing.

A. possession B. pension C. procession D. passion

3. A doctor writes the ____ and a chemist makes it up for the patient. A. prescription B. description C. instruction D. presentation 4. The mountain has an ____ of 8,000 meters.

A. algebra B. appetite C. attitude D. altitude

5. If a person always talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of ____.

A. assurance B. confirmation C. encouragement D. persuasion 6. That businessman has an excellent ____ for fair dealing.

A. repetition B. reputation C. popularity D. authority 7. The ____ of a teacher is very low in that country. A. statute B. statue C. status D. stature

8. The book cost her three ____ and twenty ____.（2003） A. pound…pence B. pounds…pences C. pound…pences D. pounds…pence

9. The river today is dangerous for swimming, because the water is full of ____. (2004) A. oxidation B. infirmities C. impurities D. poison

10. Much to the mayor’s ____, the city employees’ threatened strike did not materialize. (2005)

A. joy B. sorrow C. relief D. astonishment

11. Employees can’t be absent from office without the boss’s ____. A. admission B. permit C. allowance D. permission 12. I am in no ____ to listen to Beethoven now. (2006) A. mood B. attitude C. tendency D. attribute

13. It was said that Einstein had no ____ for language learning when he was young. A. attitude B. aptitude C. interest D. difficulty 14. She hadn’t much ___ for hearing good music. (2007) A. chance B.occaion C. opportunity D. fate

15 There is no ___ arguing about it, just do as you are told. A. reason B. point C. way D. meaning

16 When they heard the ___ for help that rang through the burning building, the firemen rushed into it.

A. appeal B. noise C. fight D. emergency

17. My boss always attends to the _ of important business himself. (2008) A. transaction B. stimulation C. transition D. solution 18. Your whole account of these incidents doesn’t make . A. meaning B. sense C. significance D. idea

- 4 -