20190114 语法 被动语态
一篇一篇文章理解，一句一句看懂，一个一个短语积累，一道一道题提高。利用好配套Excel文档
选自广东卷、全国统考卷和部分省卷
? 不懂的题，多把句子读几遍，背诵。语言无非是熟能生巧的过程。
? 专注于具体的题。勿迷失在语法概念上。与考试不相关的语法概念不必细究。 ? 语法要重视知识点的积累，多在习题中体会。
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 一、谓语动词的被动
学位英语考试一般会结合时态来考查
(1) The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport. (北京200604) A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading C. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded
(2) The number of members in the club ____ to two hundred. (北京201411) A. were limited B. limits C. was limited D. limited 二、与情态动词连用的被动 情态动词 + be + 过去分词
(1) I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody. (北京200311) A. must have taken B. may have taken
C. may have been taken D. should have been taken 三、使役动词make的被动
(1) Because of many mistakes, she was made ____ these letters again. (北京200611) A. type B. to typing C. typed D. to type
(2) Speak louder so that you can make yourself ____. (北京201111) A. heard B. to hear C. hearing D. have been heard 四、主动表被动
1. 用动词ing形式表被动
need, want在表示“(某物)需要被…”时，后接doing来表被动，相当于need to be done；be worth doing sth.中的doing也表被动
(1) It is hot and dry; the flowers need ____. (北京200611)
A. watering B. be watered C. to water D. to be water (2) My room is a mess. It needs ____. (北京200006)
A. to be tidying up B. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up 2. 部分词sell, write, wear等主动表示被动
This kind of clothes sells well. 这种衣服卖得很好。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写顺畅。
3. 感官动词sound, taste, smell, feel, look用主动表被动 (1) The dish ____ terrible! I don't like it at all. (北京200511) A. tastes B. tasted C. will taste D. is tasted 4. There be+名词+to do, too… to… 用主动表示被动含义 There is a lot of work to do.
This problem is too difficult to solve.
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I have a lot of work to do.
五、不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to, break out, appear, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed, turn out, run out等 六、一些句型 It is said… 据说
It is reported… 据报道
It is believed… 人们认为…
真题练习
1. 被动 be+过去分词
(1) 一般被动be+过去分词 （注意时态、情态动词）
(2) 完成时的被动have/has/had been +过去分词（表示过去的过去） (3) 不定式的被动to be +过去分词（表示将来）
(4) 进行时的被动be being +过去分词（表示正在进行） (5) ing的被动being +过去分词（一些动词后只能接doing）
2. 分词短语作补充说明成分（去掉分词短语，句子成分仍然完整）
3. 不能用于被动的词和词组，含感官动词taste, smell, feel, sound, look. 词组turn out, run out, break out, belong to, consist of, come true, take place等 4. need/want doing, be worth doing用ing表示被动 5. while/when的省略形式
6. 其他考法, 如get sth done使某事被做, make yourself heard让你自己被别人听见, keep sb informed让某人知情
一、被动 be+过去分词
（一）一般被动be +过去分词（注意时态、情态动词）
1. In the fall the cattle _____ from the high country back down to the farm. （广2008）
A.is driven B. are driven C. drives D. drive
2. The new leader promised that the problem ____ care of as soon as he could. （全国201311）
A. will take B. will be taken C. would take D. would be taken 3. The number of members in the club ____ to two hundred. (北201411) A. were limited B. limits C. was limited D. limited
4. The airplane ____ to have sunk to the bottom of India Ocean. (北201505) A. suppose B. supposes C. has supposed D. is supposed
（二）完成时的被动have/has/had been +过去分词（表示过去的过去） 5. When we arrived at the airport, we were told our flight ____. （广2012） A. cancelled B. had cancelled
C. has been cancelled D. had been cancelled
6. When we arrived at the airport, we were told our flight ____. （广2014） A. had cancelled B. had been cancelled
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C. has been cancelled D. cancelled
7. Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____ in both the United States and Europe well before 1590. （广2015）
A. have been conducting B. were conducting C. had been conducted D. are conducted
8. We were informed that our flight ____ because of the mechanic failure. （全国201511）
A. has been cancelled B. cancelled C. had been cancelled D. had cancelled
（三）不定式的被动to be +过去分词（表示将来）
9. I rushed to the meeting without breakfast, only ____ that it had been postponed. （广2011）
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
10.Have you checked all the CDs ____ to the mountainous area next week? （广2014） A. to be sent B. sent C. sending D. being sent
11. Chelsea and her husband are now working on a new dictionary ____ next year. （全国201306）
A. to publish B. to be published C. published D. being published
12. The management have spent the whole day discussing the schedule of the meeting ____ next year. (北201505)
A. hold B. held C. to hold D. to be held
（四）进行时的被动be being +过去分词（表示正在进行）
13. This project is said ____ right now and so far everything is going on quite smoothly. （广2012）
A. to have carried out B. having been carried out C. to have been carried out D. to be being carried out 14. The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport. (湖2011) A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading C. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded
（五）ing的被动being +过去分词（一些动词后只能接doing）
15. I certainly didn’t appreciate ____ when I made mistakes. （广2013） A. to be accused B. having accused
C. to have been accused D. being accused
16. I appreciate ____ to your school to give a lecture. (北201511)
A. to be invited B. to have invited C. having invited D. being invited
二、分词短语作补充说明成分（去掉分词短语，句子成分仍然完整） 17. Many of the people _____ refused to answer any questions. （广2008） A. question B. questioned C. questioning D. were questioned
18. Children___________ by their parents are allowed to enter the stadium. （广2016） A. accompanied B. having accompanied C. accompanying D. to accompany
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