机械08k1
摩擦学是一门研究在相对运动中相互作用着的表面的科学与技术。它来源于希腊语中的词tribos，意思是摩擦。它研究工程表面的摩擦、润滑和磨损，目的是详细地理解表面间的相互作用，以便在实际应用中提出改进办法。摩擦学家的工作是跨学科的，包含有物理、化学、力学、热力喾材料科学等学科，并包括一个涉及有关表面间相对运动的机械设计、可靠性和工作性能的庞大复杂而且交织在一起的领域。
估计目前世界上大约有三分之一的能源是以各种摩擦形式消耗的。在今天的机械化社会中，这代表了潜在能量的一个惊人损失。研究摩擦学的目的是减少或消除在各种表面摩擦技术中不必要的浪费。
研究摩擦学的一个重要任务是按照我们的需要调节摩擦力的大小，例如可将其调到最小，或者最大。然而，必须着重指出，只有在对温度、滑动速度、润滑、表面光洁度和材料性能等所有条件下的摩擦过程有了基本理解之后，这个目的才能实现。
《机械工程》 哈尔滨工业大学出版社 施平
译文：
Tribology is defined as the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion, having its origin in the Greek word tribos meaning rubbing. It is a study of the friction, lubrication, and wear of engineering surfaces with a view to understanding surface interactions in detail and then prescribing improvements in given applications. The work of the tribologist is truly interdisciplinary, embodying physics, chemistry, mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science, and encompassing a large, complex, and interwinded area of machine design, reliability, and performance where relative motion between surfaces is involved.
It is estimated that approximately one-third of the worlds’s energy resources in present use appear as friction in one form or another. This represents a staggering loss of potential power for today’s mechanized society. The purpose of research in tribology is understandably the minimization and elimination of unnecessary waste at all levels of technology where the rubbing of surfaces is involved.
One of the important objectives in tribology is the regulation of the magnitude of frictional forces according to whether we require a minimum or a maximum. It must be emphasized, however, that this objective can be realized only after a fundamental understanding of the frictional process is obtained for all conditions of temperature, sliding velocity, lubrication, surface finish, and material properties.
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