___31___ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ___32___ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.
∷∷∷∵∵∵The new study ___33___ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ___34___ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.
∷∷∷∵∵∵It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ___35___ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.
∷∷∷∵∵∵“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ___36___ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ___37___ on a daily basis.
∷∷∷∵∵∵Aral recently went onYelp.com to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ___38___, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ___39___ average opinion.
∷∷∷∵∵∵“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”【答案】31. G 32. F 33. I 34. D 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. K 39. E 40. J 【解析】
本文为应用文。主要描述了人的从众心理，对于销售的作用。 【31题详解】
考查对语境的理解和名词。句意：阿拉尔（麻省理工学院的管理经济学家）说，从房地产泡沫到金价，从政治民意调查到餐馆评论。根据语境可知填bubbles，意为“泡沫” ，故选G。
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∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵【32题详解】
考查对语境的理解和名词。句意：从众心理就是其他人喜欢某样东西的信念有强大的能力能让人们自己喜欢它。分析句子可知，本空前有the，所以要填名词，根据后面的“that other people like something”可知是 “信念，观念”，分析所给的词可知，belief意为“信念，观念”符合题意，故选 F。【33题详解】
考查对语境的理解和动词。根据后面的内容“how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ___4___ of their own early reviews in the process…”,可知，本句是指“新的研究表明”，因此要填illustrates意为“ 表明，描述”，故选I。【34题详解】
考查对语境的理解和名词。句意：这项新的研究表明，公司通过简单地在早期审查过程中增加一些积极的评分等级（ratings）来控制对其产品的审查是多么的简单。根据语境可知，ratings意为“等级” 符合题意，故填D。【35题详解】
考查对语境的理解和形容词。根据后一句“你必须更加小心你说的喜欢和不喜欢的东西。”可知，所说的喜欢与不喜欢的都是主观（subjective），subjective意为“主观的”，符合题意，故选C。
∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵【36题详解】
考查对语境的理解和动词。句意：这是你必须用怀疑态度来解释的。根据语境可知，本空是“解释”的意思，interpret意为“解释” 符合题意，故填A。【37题详解】
考查对语境的理解和动词。句意：这是许多在线用户每天都会遇到的情况。根据语境可知，本处的意思是“遇到”，encounter符合题意，故选 B。【38题详解】
考查对语境的理解和名词。根据前文“Aral最近访问了Yelp.com…”可知，此句是指“但当他来到这个网站时，…， site “网址” 符合题意，故选K。【39题详解】
考查对语境的理解和副词。句意：看到这些积极的评论，他对自己以前的看法反复思考。分
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∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵析语境可知，previously意为“以前”符合语境，可知选E。【40题详解】
∷∷∷∵∵∵考查对语境的理解和动词。句意：根据空后的“ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” 可知，这是赞美。compliments意为“赞美”符合全题意，故选J。
∷∷∷∵∵∵III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
∷∷∷∵∵∵Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can return repeatedly to our mind for the entire lives. But, what if science can ___41___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, memory is an incredibly complex ___42___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___43___.
∷∷∷∵∵∵In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it’s because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___44___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___45___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren’t available?
∷∷∷∵∵∵Simply put, memories can’t be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming. ___46___, the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long-term memories for ___47___. You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.
∷∷∷∵∵∵In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. And each time the memory is changed a little, it reflects your ___48___ thoughts. Remembering, to a great extent, is an act of ___49___ and imagination, which means that the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they will become.
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And scientists have actually quantified this change.
∷∷∷∵∵∵After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37% of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone ___50___. And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time, if you administer (服药) the protein-preventing drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be ___51___ removed.
∷∷∷∵∵∵To test this, scientists took lab rats and played sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. ___52___ doing this for many times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow. Therefore, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats would still ___53___ the noise. However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specific noise.
∷∷∷∵∵∵To be sure that the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time. Both sounds would warn for a shock and ___54___ the rats would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining ___55___ of the other. Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.41. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase
∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵42. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure
∷∷∷∵∵∵43. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex
∷∷∷∵∵∵44. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building45. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected
∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵46. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example47. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production48. A. terrified B. critical C. current D. former
∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵49. A. repetition B. creation C. function D. reproduction50. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing
∷∷∷∵∵∵∷∷∷∵∵∵51. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently
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