课时达标 (三十八)
建议时间/30分钟 Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
课标话题 词 数 人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新 301 体裁 难度 应用文 (2019·天津九校联考)Every November, Time magazine picks out what it calls “The 25 Best Inventions” of the year. Here, Teens has chosen some of the most interesting ones.
Ember Mug
It's hard to always keep coffee at the right temperature, especially in winter. It's too hot to drink at first, but before we know it, it gets too cold and loses all its taste. The perfect level of warmth for a cup of coffee only lasts for 37 seconds, which makes the Ember Mug a great invention. It keeps your coffee or tea at a certain temperature, anywhere between 45℃ and 62℃， once you set it through a smartphone app.
Tasty One Top
TV cooking shows make cooking look so easy, but it's almost impossible to get the recipes to cook the same as how the professionals cook. However, the Tasty One Top DIY cooking companion is here to help. Developed by Buzzfeed, the cooker can be connected to a smartphone app, which has more than 1,700 recipes and videos. You choose a recipe and the app will let the cooker know what to do. For example, it'll tell you when to turn your steak or when to add certain ingredients.
Jibo
Smart speakers from companies like Amazon and Xiaomi have added a lot of fun to our lives, but they're still just faceless speakers. However, Jibo, developed by MIT professor Cynthia Breazeal, has brought smart technology to life. Said to be “the world's first social robot for the home”， Jibo looks like a cartoon character. Inside its “head”， there are various sensors and cameras, which allow it to recognize faces and speech. It can also set alarms, remind you of important things, tell you the weather and read news or messages from your friends and family.
语篇导读 本文主要介绍了《时代》周刊选出的年度25个最佳发明中的最有趣的3个。 1．How can Tasty One Top help people? A．By teaching people how to cook. B．By offering people different recipes. C．By saving energy while cooking.
D．By offering different kinds of cooking apps.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据Tasty One Top部分最后一句可知，Tasty One Top可以教人们烹饪，故选A项。
2．What can Jibo probably be? A．A cartoon character.
B．A faceless robot.
C．A family assistant. D．A smart alarm.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的the world's first social robot for the home及最后一句可以推知，Jibo可以充当家庭助手，故选C项。
3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To advertise high－tech products. B．To introduce some new inventions. C．To encourage subscription to Time. D．To tell about some “tasty” products.
解析 B 写作意图题。根据第一段第二句和下文内容可知，本文旨在介绍几个新发明，故选B项。
B
课标话题 词 数 人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新 333 体裁 难度 议论文 (2019·河南林州一中月考)We all think we know what is good, but like all definitions, its shine fades when applied to real life. What might be good for you is probably bad for someone or something else. What we usually consider to be good is rarely beneficial to everyone: it depends on who you are and where you stand. As Shakespeare said in Hamlet, there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. And our diverse thinking on good is reflected by the 50 or more definitions for the word “good” offered by most dictionaries.
The same goes for innovation. Is an innovation good if it solves your problems or lets you make money? Definitely. But what if it also causes people to lose their jobs? Or, as is more often the case, what if after people spend days learning to use the innovation, there is little benefit, or their lives become more complicated? And then consider plastics, typewriters and televisions, innovations that have brought many good things to the world. But what if the 2－litre soda bottles rested forever in landfills, the typewriters were used to schedule trains to Auschwitz, or millions of children watched hours of televisions in lieu of reading or doing sports? Can we call these, and others like them, innovations because they're good in the largest sense? And, despite all the positive revolutions they've brought to the world, personal computers leave tons of toxins and chemicals every time they're replaced by newer machines.
There's no easy answer to the question whether innovation is good, leaving plenty of room for the belief of “all innovations are good” to survive. We have so much history with innovation as the driving force for our culture, economy and psychology that our confidence in innovation approximates(接近) faith. But there is at least one truth: all innovations have good and bad effects regardless of the intention of the innovators. If we accept this, we can reevaluate our judgment on innovations.
语篇导读 本文主要论述了创新的好坏，作者认为任何创新都有利有弊，我们可以重新评估对创新的判断。
4．What's the main idea of the first paragraph? A．It's hard to please all.
B．Good is a relative concept. C．There is nothing really good. D．Our thinking determines what is good.
解析 B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第二、三、四句可知，本段要表达“好”是一个相对的概念，故选B项。
5．Why does the writer mention plastics, typewriters and televisions in Paragraph 2? A．All innovations benefit people greatly. B．All innovations have their negative sides. C．Not all innovations make people' lives better. D．Not all innovations are environmentally friendly.
解析 B 写作意图题。根据第二段第一句及下文可知，作者通过列举塑料、打印机和电视，是为了说明任何创新都有不好的一面，故选B项。
6．What does the underlined phrase “in lieu of” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Instead of. C．In favour of.
B．Because of. D．In charge of.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，看电视和读书、运动是互斥的活动，由此可知画线处表示“代替”，故选A项。
7．What does the writer intend to do in the last two paragraphs? A．To show the power of innovation. B．To question the value of innovation. C．To criticise the blind faith in innovation. D．To deny the positive effects of innovation.
解析 C 推理判断题。作者在最后两段主要批判了一种普遍的认识：所有的创新都是好的。而作者认为任何创新都有利有弊。由此判断，作者主要是批判人们对创新的盲目信仰，故选C项。
Ⅱ 完形填空
课标话题 词 数 人与自我·创新与创业意识 279 体裁 难度 记叙文 (2019·广东仲元中学调考)I'm Alina Morse, a fifth grader from Michigan. I have always wanted to __1__ my own business. Since I was about four years old, I have been __2__ a journal of business ideas. My dad told me __3__ you want to make it happen, you need to note it down. So I did.
During a trip to the bank with my dad, a teller __4__ me a sugary lollipop(棒棒糖). I love candy.__5__, my dad had told me that too much sugar was bad for my teeth. So I asked, “Why can't we make some __6__ lollipops？” Every time I went to the bank and saw free candy, it was a(n) __7__ to ask. At last, I __8__ my family—both of my parents have professional experience in sales and marketing—to get my idea __9__ the ground, including $47,500 in __10__ from my
grandparents.
Our first step was research. We spoke to __11__ and food scientists. We went into stores and searched online for information. We __12__ that tooth decay(蛀牙) was being a serious problem in America. Then we decided to make lollipops with the teeth cleaning materials at home but it didn't __13__. So we found a factory that had the right equipment for __14__ lollipops. The idea quickly __15__. I started a company that sells Zollipops, a kind of sugar－free lollipop, to help __16__ the risk of tooth decay. Its sales were topping $70,000 in 2014 and increasing more than four times in 2015, __17__ $300,000. We have been working to make the lollipops more stable and less __18__ in hot or wet environments. We are very __19__because the new Zollipops will be __20__ later this year. 1．A.set up C．put off 2．A.reading C．editing 3．A.unless C．if 4．A.bought C．ordered 5．A.However C．Otherwise 6．A.tasty C．popular 7．A.predictor C．indicator 8．A.attended to C．relied on 9．A.off C．against 10．A.charges C．expenses 11．A.dentists C．chemists 12．A.suspected C．concluded 13．A.end C．fail 14．A.inventing
B．carry on D．take over B．writing D．copying B．whatever D．though B．awarded D．offered B．Instead D．Besides B．healthy D．good－quality B．motivation D．reminder B．backed up D．stood by B．beyond D．into B．savings D．donations B．physicists D．psychologists B．assumed D．complained B．act D．work B．advertising
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