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南方医科大学2010-2011学年第一学期 公共卫生与热带医学学院《医学微生物学》试卷（A）
适用班级: 医学英语2008级
1、在试卷上写上姓名和学号。
2、请按题目要求，选择题答案涂在答题卡上，问答题和翻译题直接在试卷上相应位置作答。
3、采用考卷考试，只允许带1本英汉字典、1本教材和1本配套教材，其他书籍一概不准带进考场。
4、考试时请严格遵守考场纪律，独立完成。考试过程中原则上不允许擅自离开考场。
年级： 2008级 专业： 医学英语本科 学号： 姓名：
课程学时数：60 考试日期：2011年1月21日，考试时长：120分钟，组卷人：龙北国
题序 题型 题量 满分 一 A1型题 15 30 二 B1型题 10 20 三 A2A3/A4型题 10 20 四 病例简答题 10 30 总分 100 B. Chlamydiae（衣原体）
一、A1型题 （单句型最佳选择题。每一道考题下面
均有五个备选答案。请从中从中选择一个最合适的答案，并在答题卡上相应位置涂黑，以示正确回答。合计15题，每题2分，满分30分）
1. Which one of the following agents lacks nucleic acid ?
下列哪一个选项缺乏核酸? A. Bacteria（细菌） B. Viruses（病毒） C. Prions（朊病毒） D. Protozoa（原生动物） E. Fungi（真菌）
2. Which lack cell walls and do not synthesize（合成） the precursors （前体）of peptidoglycan （肽聚糖）? 下列哪个缺乏细胞壁肽聚糖的合成前体？
A. Spirochetes（螺旋原虫）
C. L forms（L型菌） D. Protozoa（原生动物） E. Mycoplasmas（支原体）
3. Which of the following components is present（存在）in gram-negative（革兰阴性） bacteria but not in gram-positive（革兰阳性） bacteria ?
（下列哪种成分是革兰阴性菌存在革兰氏阳性细菌不存在的呢？）
A. Peptidoglycan（肽聚糖） B. Lipid A（脂质A） C. Capsule（胶囊） D. Flagella（鞭毛） E. Lipoteichoic acid（磷壁酸）
4. Each of the following statements concerning bacterial spores（芽孢） is correct EXCEPT （下列关于细菌芽孢的说法错误的是）
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A. They are formed only by gram-positive bacteria（他们只由革兰氏阳性细菌形成）
B. They can be killed when being heated to 121.3℃ for 15～20 minutes（它们在121.3） C. They contain much less water than bacterial vegetative cells
D. Their survival ability is based on their enhanced metablic activity（他们的生存能力是基于增强代谢活动）
E. They are formed under adverse environmental conditions such as the absence of a carbon source（他们是在不利的环境条件下形成的,如缺乏碳源）
5. Most microorganisms（微生物） pathogenic（病原体） for humans grow best in the laboratory when cultures are incubated at
（大多数对人致病的病原微生物在实验室的最适宜孵化温度是）
A. 15-20℃ B. 20-30℃ C. 30-37℃ D. 38-50℃ E. 50-55℃
6. A 23-year-old woman has ten E. coli （大肠埃希菌）inoculated into her bladder while having sex. These E. coli have a generation time of 20 minutes. After a lag phase （迟缓期） of 20 minutes, the E coli enter the logarithmic phase of growth. After 3 hours of lag and logarithmic growth, the total number of E. coli is
（一个23岁的女人在做爱时有十个大肠杆菌(大肠埃希菌)跑到了她的膀胱里。这些大肠杆菌繁殖一代需要20分钟。经过(迟缓期)的20分钟,大肠杆菌进入对数期的增长。经过3小时的迟缓期和对数增长期,大肠杆菌的总数是）
A. 90 B. 1280 C. 2560 D. 5120 E. 1 000 000
7. Each of the following statements concerning the killing of bacteria is correct EXCEPT （关于灭菌，下列说法错误的是）
A. The pasteurization（巴氏灭菌法） of milk kills pathogens but allows many organisms and spores to survive
（牛奶的巴氏灭菌杀死病原体但允许许多有机体生存和孢子）
B. Seventy five percent ethanol kills less effectively than absolute (100%) ethanol（百分之七十五的乙醇杀菌效果不如(100%)乙醇）
C. An autoclave uses steam under 15lb/sq of pressure to reach the killing temperature of 121.3℃ D. Some cationic surfactants can kills by increasing the membrane permeability of bacteria（一些阳离子表面活性剂可以通过增加膜的通透性来杀死细菌）
E. Ultraviolet light kills by causing the formation of thymine dimers in bacterial DNA（紫外线杀死引起细菌的原理是影响细菌DNA的胸腺嘧啶二聚体的形成）
8. Each of the following statements concerning members of the normal flora（正常菌群）is correct EXCEPT
A. Are usually nonpathogens but can cause disease in immunocompromised patients（通常是不致病的,但可以导致免疫功能低下的患者发病） B. Prevent some pathogens from colonizing mucous membranes（防止一些病原体附着在黏膜上） C. Are present in larger numbers in the colon than in other parts of the human body（人体结肠存在的正常菌群比其他地方的多）
D. Are important in keeping the pH of the urine low（是保存尿液PH的重要条件）
E. Play an important role in the development of immunologic competence（在免疫中发挥了重要作用）
9. Each of the following statements concerning fungi and bacteria is correct EXCEPT
A. Yeasts reproduce by budding（出芽）, whereas bacteria reproduce by binary（二分裂）（酵母出芽，细菌二分裂）
B. Some fungi undergo dimorphic changes when they grow in tissue, whereas bacteria do not
C. Fungal spores are less heat-resistant than bacterial
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endospores（比起细菌内孢子，真菌孢子不耐热）
D. Bacterial cells possess peptidoglycan, whereas fungal cells do not（细菌细胞具有肽聚糖,而真菌细胞没有）
E. Both bacterial cells and fungal cells have 70S ribosomes（核糖体）（所有细菌都有70S核糖体）
10. Which Virus is likely to establish latent infecions ?（哪个病毒可能建立潜伏感染）
A. Herpes simple virus（单纯疱疹病毒） B. Dengue virus（登革病毒） C. Influenza virus（流感病毒） D. Rotavirus（轮状病毒） E. Hepatitis B virus（乙肝病毒）
11. The ability of a virus to produce disease can result from a variety of mechanisms. Which one of the following statements is LEAST likely（下列病毒产生疾病的机制中。最不可能的是）
A. Direct cytopathic effect in virus-infected cells（在感染病毒的细胞直接细胞病变效应） B. Malignant transformation of virus-infected cells（病毒感染细胞让其恶性转化）
C. Immune response to virus-induced antigens on the surfaces of the virus-infected cells（免疫反应病毒诱导感染病毒的细胞的表面抗原）
D. Production of an exotoxin that causes damage to host cells（生产的外毒素引起宿主细胞损伤） E. Empolying some ways to induce host cells apoptosis（凋亡）
12. Interferons（干扰素）are an important part of the host defense against viral infections. What is interferons’ principal mode of action ? （干扰素的作用方式）
A. They have direct antiviral activity
B. They coat viral particles and block their attachment to cells
C. They induce synthesis of antiviral proteins that inhibit translation or transcription of viruses（它们诱导抗病毒蛋白质的合成,抑制翻译或病毒的转录）
D. They protect the virus-infected cell that produced it
from cell death
E. They are synthesized only by virus-infected cells 13. Neutralization antibody can bind viruses and deprive them of their infection ability. Which one of the following statements is LEAST likely（中和抗体可以绑定病毒和剥夺他们的感染能力。哪一个最不可能是下列语句）
A. Killing viruses directly（直接杀死病毒） B. Changing viral surface conformation（构型）to prevent viral absorption
C. Binding viral epitopes（表位） associated with absorption to keep viruses from entering host cells D. Forming immune complex which can easily be phagocytosed and cleared by phagocytes E. Combining with surface antigens of enveloping viruses to lead to complement（补体） activation and viral lysis
14.Which one of the following statements describes an advantage of killed vaccines over attenuated live vaccines ?
（下列哪一个语句描述了一种减毒活疫苗的优势?）
A. killed vaccines induce a broader range of immune responses than do attenuated live vaccines （死疫苗能引起比减毒活疫苗更广泛的免疫反应）
B. killed vaccines more closely mimic natural infections than do attenuated live vaccines
（死疫苗比减毒活疫苗更类似于自然感染）
C. killed vaccines pose no risk that vaccine might be transmitted to susceptible contacts（死疫苗没有接触传播的风险）
D. killed vaccines are efficacious against respiratory infections because they induce good mucosal immunity（死疫苗对呼吸道感染有免疫作用,因为它们可以诱导产生粘膜免疫）
15. Each of the following statements concerning human immunodeficiency virus is correct EXCEPT
A. The virus particle carries an RNA-directed DNA polymerase encoded by the viral genome （病毒粒子携带一个RNA指导由病毒基因组编码的DNA聚合酶）
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B. The virus consists of two identical of single- stranded RNA (diploid)（病毒是由两个相同的单链RNA构成的二倍体）
C. The virion is enveloped and enters cells via an interaction with receptor CD4 molecule and coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) on the host cells D. During infection, the virus synthesizes a DNA copy of its RNA, and this DNA becomes covalently integarated into host cell DNA (在感染过程中,病毒RNA逆转录形成DNA，然后该DNA与宿主细胞DNA进行整合） E. Purified RNA extracted from the virus particle is infectious（病毒纯化的RNA具有感染力）
二、B1型题 （配伍题。以下提供了若干组考题，每
组题共用五个备选答案，备选答案后有两个以上的问题，每个问题要从备选答案中选择一个正确答案，并在答题卡上相应位置涂黑，以示正确回答。每个备选答案可选一次以上，也可以一次也不选择。合计10题，每题2分，满分20分） 16-17
A. Cholera enterotoxin （霍乱肠毒素） B. Tetanospasmin （破伤风痉挛毒素） C. Botulinum toxin（肉毒毒素） D. Diphtheria toxin（白喉毒素） E. Shiga toxin（志贺毒素）
16. This NADase toxin inactivates elongation factor 2 (EF-2) by attaching ADPR to it, so it can inhibits protein synthesis.
17. This toxin causes flaccid paralysis by preventing the release of acetylcholine（乙酰胆碱） at the neuromuscular junction, but it does not affect the central nervous system.C
18-19
A. Vancomycin（万古霉素，糖肽类） B. Rifampin（利福平，利福霉素类） C. Ceftriaxone （头孢曲松，头孢菌素类) D. Ciprofloxacin（环丙沙星，喹诺酮类） E. Erythromycin（红霉素，大环内酯类） 18. Which antibiotic acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase ?D
19. Which antibiotic binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis ?E
20-21
A. Acyclovir B. Zidovudine C. Lamivudine D. Oseltamivir E. Interferon
20. Nonimmune individuals exposed to influenza A virus can be protected from developing disease by administering
21. Which one of the above is a recommended therapy for herpes simplex virus genital infection? 22-23
A. Synthetic peptide vaccine B. Killed vaccine C. Attenuated live vaccine
D. Subunit vaccine produced using recombinant DNA E. Toxoid vaccine
22. Which type of hepatitis B vaccine is currently in use in China ?
23. Which type of vaccine is tetanus prevent by immunization with ? 24-25
A. Hepatitis B virus B. EB virus
C. Herpes simple viruses
D. human papilloma virus（人乳头瘤病毒） E. human T cell lymphotropic virus
24. Which is the causative agent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （鼻咽癌）?B
25. A 38-year-old woman with many lifetime sexual partners is diagnosed with cervical cancer. This cancer is common worldwide and has a sexually transmitted viral etiology. The causative agent of human cervical cancer （宫颈癌）is D
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