题型组合练(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I first met George，I was in my early 30s，seeking a creative outlet(出路) unrelated to boring housework and raising little ones.My children，then aged three and five，were just entering kindergarten and school life.At 65，George had recently retired and was seeking a rewarding hobby.For both of us，painting was “it” and we met at a local painting class.Thus began a friendship that was to last until the day he died.
George arrived in Australia as an immigrant from Britain with his wife and two children.He worked hard，played hard，and had an opinion about everything.He adored his wife，his family，and his friends.A slim and energetic man，George took pride in his fitness and walked three kilometres every day.
As the only male in a painting class full of women，George ruled the roost and we were his hens.He adored his singular role and looked after his brood(一窝雏鸡) with the same attention he gave to everything.
He took to painting with great passion(热情)，even transforming the spare bedroom into a studio.A studio！His painting equipment was comprehensive.Ever practical，George housed many of these items in a red metal tool box.
After the completion of the course，we still kept in touch.One day when George was about 80 years old，he asked me to come to his house.George explained that he was giving up painting because of his illness and he gave away all his “stuff” to me.
I still use much of his equipment today.The most treasured thing is the red tool box.The original shop sticker is still firmly in place although the price has long since worn off.But that’s all right because to my mind friendship is beyond price.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了“我”和一位老人的忘年友谊。 1．Why did the author go to painting class? A．To enjoy school life again. B．To make some new friends. C．To accompany her children. D．To do something interesting. 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“seeking a creative outlet(出路) unrelated to boring housework and raising little ones”可知，“我”厌倦了做家务和带孩子，想做点事来调剂枯燥
的生活，所以选择去学画画。
2．What might the author think of George? A．Reliable and caring. B．Proud and sensitive. C．Talented and honest. D．Smart and adventurous. 答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He adored his wife，his family，and his friends.”和第三段中的“He adored his singular role and looked after his brood(一窝雏鸡) with the same attention he gave to everything.”可推知，乔治是一个值得信赖的、体贴人的人。 3．What is the best title for the text? A．The Red Tool Box B．A Friend Is a Second Self C．Have Fun in Painting Classes D．An Old Man’s Life After Retirement 答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了“我”和乔治的友谊，而“红色工具箱”正是我们的友情信物，故A项作标题最佳。
B
When people find themselves in difficult conflicts，they often turn to mediation(调解)．Mediators are advised to listen attentively，avoid favoring the ideas of one party，and make both sides feel at ease.Surprisingly，new research that my colleagues and I conducted suggests that，to effectively help people settle their conflicts，mediators should adopt a hostile(敌对的) attitude rather than a calming one.A hostile mediator，we find，brings better results than a nice one.
Why would adding more negativity(消极性) to an already hostile situation prove beneficial？Consider how parents typically react when they can’t get their children to stop quarreling：“I don’t care who started it—both of you，go to your rooms！”At first sight，a calm mediator seems likely to be more effective.But as anyone with brothers or sisters knows，parents’ seemingly unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect.Children who moments before were troubling each other suddenly become more reasonable due to their unkind parents.
In our research，we created situations in which pairs of negotiators were part of a heated conflict.In some cases，the mediator had a “nice” approach—calm and polite.In others，he was
hostile—aggressive and somewhat rude.Across different types of conflicts，we found that negotiators were more willing and able to reach an agreement in the presence of a hostile mediator than in the presence of a nice one.
The main result of the test is not that hostility pays off.In fact，recent research has documented the social costs of negative behavior.For example，being the target of rude behavior reduces people’s performance on a variety of tasks.Other research shows the social benefits of positive behavior.People are more likely to close deals and become future business partners.
Even with the widespread social benefits of positive behavior and costs of negative behavior，hostility can pay off in certain situations.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章辩证地看待了敌对的力量，它更有助于协商双方和解。 4．What can we learn about parents’ settlement of conflicts in Paragraph 2? A．It’s calming and wise. B．It’s arbitrary but effective. C．It’s commonly adopted. D．It harms family relationship. 答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I don’t care who started it—both of you，go to your rooms”“parents’ seemingly unsympathetic treatment of the situation can have an unusual effect.Children...become more reasonable due to their unkind parents”可知，第二段中提到的父母的方法虽然有些武断，但是对解决孩子之间的矛盾很有效。 5．Which best describes the author’s attitude in the text? A．Concerned. C．Objective. 答案 C
解析 观点态度题。作者在第二、三段讨论了调解者采取敌对态度的这种消极行为的作用和力量，同时在第四段也指出了积极行为的好处以及消极行为的代价。所以作者的态度是客观的。故选C。
6．What could be the best title of the text? A．The Significance of Effective Mediation B．The Costs of Negative Behavior
B．Doubtful. D．Positive.
C．The Benefits of Positive Behavior D．The Surprising Power of Hostility 答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者主要介绍了调解者采取敌对态度会带来出乎意料的结果，所以The Surprising Power of Hostility作文章的标题最佳。
C
When was the last time something important slipped your mind？Maybe it was the answer to a test question，the name of an acquaintance or where you left your keys.Fortunately，memory can be improved so they won’t happen that often.People’s memory has much to do with training and practice.Applying effective means will help improve your memory so that you can access everything you learn whenever you need it.
When students want to prepare for a test，they often try to study by simply reading over the material again，copying notes，etc.But these methods of remembering are not always helpful.People remember more when actively taking part in their learning rather than passively receiving it.
One great way to do this is to test yourself on the material.Come up with questions about the topic，and try to answer them without looking at your notes.It also helps to try to summarize the material in different ways.You could diagram the information，or you could write your own outline.The more you use the information，the more likely you are to remember it.
When I was 8，I began learning to play the flute(长笛)，and my music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day，seven days a week，than for two hours on one day.The same goes for remembering information.The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information，the more likely you are to remember it.
A psychologist named Hermann Ebbinghaus made an important discovery about memory and forgetting.He found that people tend to forget information in a regular pattern.They forget the most information shortly after learning it.The rate at which they forget then slows down over time.Every time people review the information，it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more.So it is vital to review things you want to remember shortly after learning them.Over time，you can review them less and less frequently.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些帮助加强记忆，让信息在脑海中长时间不被忘记的方法。 7．What would happen if something slipped your mind?
A．You let your mind wander.
B．You think of the answer to a question. C．You fail to remember certain information. D．You keep a person’s name in mind. 答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Maybe it was the answer to a test question，the name of an acquaintance or where you left your keys.Fortunately，memory can be improved so they won’t happen that often.”可推知，slip one’s mind的意思是“(某事)被(某人)忘记”，故选C项。 8．How does the author support his viewpoints in Paragraphs 2 & 3? A．By making a comparison. B．By giving a summary. C．By conducting experiments. D．By offering examples. 答案 D
解析 写作手法题。根据第二、三段内容可知，作者先以学生为考试做准备采用的记忆方法为例，引出积极参与学习过程可以加强记忆，紧接着第三段指出参与学习过程的具体方法，其中列举了用图表显示信息和写提纲的方法，故选D项。 9．What is the author’s story in Paragraph 4 used to show? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Repeated revision is important.
C．It’s vital to insist on what you are fond of. D．Efforts play a key part in learning. 答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information，the more likely you are to remember it.”可知，作者描述自己学习长笛的经验是为了强调你把花在复习信息上的时间越分散开，越是有规律地频繁复习，你就越有可能记住它，即反复复习很重要。
10．What is the text mainly about?
A．An explanation of Ebbinghaus’s theory.
B．A description of the learning process. C．The approaches to improving memory. D．The relationship between time and memory. 答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了强化记忆的三种方法：积极参与学习过程、反复复习、及时复习，故C项最能概括文章大意。 Ⅱ.七选五
With time and experience，most adults know that not getting enough sleep can be harmful to themselves.Too bad，teens don’t see that connection so clearly.It’s up to parents to convey the importance of sleeping enough. 11 Play up the positives.Sometimes it helps to point out the benefits that come with changing a behavior.In this case，not only will quality sleep help teens focus better in school and feel happier overall，but it can improve the appearance of their skin. 12
Lay stress on consistency.A lot of teenagers，and even grown-ups，think they can spend less time on shut-eye during the week if they make up for it on the weekend.Not true.An extra hour or two of sleep on Saturday and Sunday can do us more harm than good. 13 As a result，it is hard to fall asleep at the appropriate time on Sunday evening.
Give the hard facts. 14 That’s why it’s so important to explain what it feels like to be too tired to get behind the wheel.Promise your teen that he can always call you to pick him up no matter where he is or what time it is，if he’s too sleepy to drive.
15 Sleep isn’t as fun as texting with friends and it seems less necessary than cramming for an exam.Help your teen view sleep as a priority(优先事项) by making it one in your own life as well.Set up a family charging station for electronic devices outside of the bedrooms，so phones can be powered up overnight without tempting(引诱) anyone to check messages.Leave your own devices there when you go to bed.Rarely is anything so important that it can’t wait until after a good night’s sleep. A．Lead by example.
B．Set aside quality family time. C．These four tips will show you how. D．It disturbs a person’s internal body clock.
E．It is important for us to realize the importance of a good sleep.
F．It’s reported that one out of five traffic accidents involves a sleepy driver. G．It also keeps them from getting sick and helps them keep a healthy weight.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作为一名家长，如何让自己的孩子拥有足够的睡眠呢？对此，作者提出了一些有用的建议。 11．答案 C
解析 根据空前的“It’s up to parents to convey...”及下文提出的四条建议可知，C项“这四条建议将会告诉你如何做”承上启下，符合语境。 12．答案 G
解析 根据第二段的内容可知，这一段主要讲述足够的睡眠给孩子们带来的好处。故G项“它还让他们远离疾病，并帮助他们保持健康的体重”与上文衔接紧密。 13．答案 D
解析 根据本空后的内容可知，D项符合语境。 14．答案 F
解析 根据本段的主题“Give the hard facts.”以及空后面一句的内容可知，F项符合语境。
15．答案 A
解析 本空是本段的主题句，应是祈使句。再结合本段的大意可以确定，本段讲述的是家长要以身作则。故A项符合语境。
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