化工热力学课后答案（第三版）陈钟秀编著
2-1.使用下述方法计算1kmol甲烷贮存在体积为0.1246m3、温度为50℃的容器中产生的压力：（1）理想气体方程；（2）R-K方程；（3）普遍化关系式。
解：甲烷的摩尔体积V=0.1246 m3/1kmol=124.6 cm3/mol
查附录二得甲烷的临界参数：Tc=190.6K Pc=4.600MPa Vc=99 cm3/mol ω=0.008 (1) 理想气体方程
P=RT/V=8.314×323.15/124.6×10-6=21.56MPa
(2) R-K方程
R2Tc2.5 a?0.42748?Pcb?0.086648.31?421902..650.427486?4.6?10Pa?m36.?2K202.?5mol?
2RTc8.314?190.6?0.08664?2.985?10?5m3?mol?1 6Pc4.6?10∴P?RTa?0.5 V?bTV?V?b?8.31?4323.15??598510?12.4?62.??3.222 50.5?3?23.1?5??152.4?610.46??12 ?2.98510 =19.04MPa (3) 普遍化关系式
90.6 1 . 6V95VVc?124.6?99 Tr?TTc?323.151?r?1＜.225 9∴利用普压法计算，Z?Z0??Z1
ZRT?PcPr VPV∴ Z?cPr
RT∵ P?PV4.6?106?12.46?10?5cPr?Pr?0.2133Pr Z?RT8.314?323.15迭代：令Z0=1→Pr0=4.687 又Tr=1.695，查附录三得：Z0=0.8938 Z1=0.4623
Z?Z0??Z1=0.8938+0.008×0.4623=0.8975
此时，P=PcPr=4.6×4.687=21.56MPa
同理，取Z1=0.8975 依上述过程计算，直至计算出的相邻的两个Z值相差很小，迭代结束，得Z和P的值。
∴ P=19.22MPa
2-2.分别使用理想气体方程和Pitzer普遍化关系式计算510K、2.5MPa正丁烷的摩尔体积。已知实验值为1480.7cm3/mol。
解：查附录二得正丁烷的临界参数：Tc=425.2K Pc=3.800MPa Vc=99 cm3/mol ω=0.193 （1）理想气体方程
V=RT/P=8.314×510/2.5×106=1.696×10-3m3/mol
误差：
1.696?1.4807?100%?14.54%
1.4807（2）Pitzer普遍化关系式
.8对比参数：Tr?TTc?510425.2?1.199 Pr?PPc?2.53?0.—普维6579法
3∴ B0?0.08?0.422?1.6Tr0.4220.0?831.6??1.1990 .2326B1?0.139?0.1720.172?0.139???0.05874 Tr4.21.1994.2BPc?B0??B1=-0.2326+0.193×0.05874=-0.2213 RTcZ?1?BPBPP?1?cr=1-0.2213×0.6579/1.199=0.8786 RTRTcTr∴ PV=ZRT→V= ZRT/P=0.8786×8.314×510/2.5×106=1.49×10-3 m3/mol 误差：
1.49?1.4807?100%?0.63%
1.48072-3.生产半水煤气时，煤气发生炉在吹风阶段的某种情况下，76%（摩尔分数）的碳生成二氧化碳，其余的生成一氧化碳。试计算：（1）含碳量为81.38%的100kg的焦炭能生成1.1013MPa、303K的吹风气若干立方米？（2）所得吹风气的组成和各气体分压。 解：查附录二得混合气中各组分的临界参数：
一氧化碳(1)：Tc=132.9K Pc=3.496MPa Vc=93.1 cm3/mol ω=0.049 Zc=0.295
二氧化碳(2)：Tc=304.2K Pc=7.376MPa Vc=94.0 cm3/mol ω=0.225 Zc=0.274 又y1=0.24，y2=0.76 ∴(1)由Kay规则计算得：
Tcm??yiTci?0.24?132.9?0.76?304.2?263.1K
iPcm??yiPci?0.24?3.496?0.76?7.376?6.445MPa
iTrm?TTcm?303263.1?1.15 Prm?PPcm?0.1011.4?450.0157 —普维法
利用真实气体混合物的第二维里系数法进行计算
B10?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.02989 1.6Tr1.6?303132.9?11B1?0.139?0.1720.172?0.139??0.1336 4.2Tr4.2?303132.9?1B11?RTc108.314?132.91B1??1B1??0.02989?0.049?0.1336???7.378?10?6 ??6?Pc13.496?100B2?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.3417 1.6Tr1.6?303304.2?20.1720.172?0.139???0.03588 4.24.2Tr2?303304.2?1B2?0.139?B22?RTc208.314?304.21?6B??B??0.3417?0.225?0.03588??119.93?10 ???222?6Pc27.376?100.50.5又Tcij??TciTcj???132.9?304.2??201.068K
?Vc113?Vc123??93.113?94.013?Vcij?????93.55cm3/mol ??22????33Zc1?Zc20.295?0.274??0.2845 22???20.295?0.225?cij?1??0.137
22Zcij?Pcij?ZcijRTcij/Vcij?0.2845?8.314?201.068/?93.55?10?6??5.0838MPa
PPc?838 0.0199∴ Trij?TTcij?303201.068?1.507 Pri?ji0j.10135.0?0B12?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.136 1.6Tr1.61.507120.1720.172?0.139??0.1083 4.24.2Tr121.5071B12?0.139?01∴B12?RTc12?B12??12B12??0.136?0.137?0.1083???39.84?10?6 ??8.314?201.0686Pc125.0838?102Bm?y12B11?2y1y2B12?y2B22
?0.242???7.378?10?6??2?0.24?0.76???39.84?10?6??0.762???119.93?10?6???84.27?10?6cm3/mol∴Zm?1?BmPPV?→V=0.02486m3/mol RTRT∴V总=n V=100×103×81.38%/12×0.02486=168.58m3
相关推荐：
loading