外文资料与中文翻译
外文资料：
Safety Analysis on Fully Mechanized Mining Face
Liyun WU．Yuzhong YANG
School
of
Energy
Science
&
Engineering,Henan
Polytechnic
University,Jiaozuo,454003,Henan,China
Abstract：The safety of fully mechanized mining face was analyzed with man-machine-environment system engineering theory and methodology．The causes and countermeasures of human errors are put forward．The relationship between casualty accident and workers’stuff and fatigue is analyzed．Casualty accident is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using ETA and FTA methods．Grey correlative analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis are used to analyze environment factors．Finally, the safety of fully mechanized mining face in Xinzhuang coal mine is evaluated with grey entropy synthetic evaluation model．The problems existing in fully mechanized mining face are pointed out．
Keywords：safety analysis; man-machine-environment system engineering; fully mechanized mining face
1．Introduction
Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering is a new and developing comprehensive frontier science which came into being at the beginning of 1980s．It analyzes and researches man, machine, environment of the system, which are the three main factors in the system, and their relationship between them so that the whole system is in the condition of safety and high efficiency in the light of system．
Fully mechanized mining has been the mainstream technology in coal mining for the sake of its safety and high efficiency with the advancement of science and technology．At the same time, it is also the approach for coal mines to enhance its output and economic benefit．However, the underground working face accidents happen frequently[1],which has heavily affected and restricted the safety and the production of coal mines．As a result, it is significant
to
deeply
research
and
analyze
the
safety
of
man-machine-environment system in fully mechanization mining face．
2．Analysis of human factor
Man is the main body, the key to create wealth and to attain the aim in the man-machine-environment system．On the other hand, man is also the main factor to induce accidents．The combination of man’s unsafe behavior and unsafe machinery that is usually formed by man induces accident to
happen．
2．1．Causes of human errors and control of them
2．1．1．causes of human errors
The author considers that a human error means the man didn’t finish the prescriptive function or didn’t finish the prescriptive function in time under the prescriptive conditions．As a result, man, machine or environment of the system suffers loss to some extent．The following causes inducing human errors are analyzed through investigating some coal mines．(1)Safety awareness is so dim that workers usually act against rules．(2)Character of workers is giddy-brained．(3)Physiological factor．Some weaknesses of human in physiology are the root of human errors．(4)Mental obstacle．(5)Stuff of workers is low．(6)Fatigue．Unusual state and other special conditions．(7)Defects of machine．(8)Environmental factors．
2．1．2．Control of human errors
On the basis of analyzing and grasping the causes of human errors, we can take some countermeasures to decrease human errors．Firstly, the safety management system, which takes man as the center, should be established．Secondly, on the basis of management system, it is important to make man safety．These countermeasures mainly include safety law education, safety knowledge education, safety skill education, safety idea education,
typical
accident
education,
biorhythm
and
safety
measures．Thirdly, all works should be standard．Fourthly, working environment should be improved greatly．Fifthly, it is important to design good interface for decreasing human errors．Sixthly, safety culture should be
spark plugged in enterprises．
2．2． Analysis of human fuzzy reliability
According to the theory of Hinesburg and Maslow, the hierarchy figure of human fuzzy reliability is established as Figure1．
Fuzzy reliability Physiology need Safety need Sociality need Respect need Self-fulfillment need welfare Salary Working condition Policy management Sense of success Sense of obiligation Promotion Fig．1 the hierarchy figure of human fuzzy reliability
According to the theory of analytic hierarchy process[2],we can calculate weight Wi of every index．And then we invite some experts to evaluate the real value Di of every index, thus we can calculate fuzzy reliability of some one or some colony with the following formula．
???Wi Di (1)
i?17The authors calculate the fuzzy reliability of workers in fully mechanized mining face of Xinzhuang coal mine．First．classify all the 146 workers to 5 groups according to their age．Secondly, calculate the fuzzy
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