加工中心刀库自动换刀装置

加工中心刀库自动换刀装置

摘要

切削加工正在进入以高速切削为特征的发展阶段,因高速切削而切削效率飞速提高， 进一步减少机床加工辅助时间的技术也伴随高速切削的发展而不断发展。快速换刀技术是减少加工辅助时间重要手段。刀库和交换主轴换刀装置是转塔头换刀装置和刀库式换刀装置的结合。首先把加工过程中需要使用的全部刀具分别安装在标准刀柄上，在刀库中进行选刀，并由刀具交换装置从刀库中取出刀具，把刀具安装在非工作主轴上。换刀时间通过转塔头交换装置旋转180°，交换主轴。这样就可以使切削加工和主轴换刀同时进行，由此可知换刀时间实际就是已经装好刀具的两个主轴的换位时间，使辅助时间减少到最少，即机床切屑对切屑时间达到最短。同时，刀库可以存放数量很大的刀具，因而能够进行复杂的多工序加工，这样就明显提高了机床的适应性和加工效率。

关键词 高速切削；刀库；交换主轴；换刀装置；换刀时间 - I -

Design Of Automatic Tool Change On Tool

Magazine Abstract

Cutting is developing which has the characteristic of high-speed cutting. The high-speed cutting has lead the rapid improvement of efficiency of cutting, then the technology which will further reduce machining assistant time is developing as the high-speed cutting. ATC（Tool changer）technology is one of the most important methods to reduce the assistant time in cutting. The tool magazine and exchange spindle are the integration of turret head and ATC. First, all the cutting-tool which is needed are installed on the standard cutting-tool handle, and then select a tool in tool magazine, and take the tool by exchange device in tool magazine, install it onto the none-work spindle. During tool changing, turret head is rotated 180°to change the main spindle. That will enable cutting and exchanging tool of spindle simultaneous, it means the time of cutting-tool places. Thus assistant time is least. Meanwhile the tool magazine can hold a large number of cutting tool, so more complex machining processes can be done, the adaptability and processing efficiency of machine can be improved.

Keywords High-speed Cutting；Tool Magazine；Exchange Spindle；ATC；Tool- chasing Time

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目录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................... II 1.1 背景及研究意义 ....................................................................................... 3 1.2 自动换刀装置国内外发展与现状 ........................................................... 3 1.3 工作内容 ................................................................................................... 4 1.4 设计构想 ................................................................................................... 5 第2章 设计总体方案论证 ................................................................................ 6 2.1 刀库和交换主轴换刀装置的原理 ........................................................... 7 2.1.1 主轴交换的原理 ................................................................................ 7 2.1.2 主轴抬起及转位的原理 .................................................................... 7 2.1.3 刀库及换刀装置 ................................................................................ 8 2.2 本章小结 ................................................................................................... 9 第3章 主轴转动的设计计算 .......................................................................... 10 3.1 传动系统的原理设计 ............................................................................. 10 3.1.1 电动机的选择 .................................................................................. 10 3.1.2 计算传动装置的运动和动力参数 .................................................. 11 3.2 圆柱齿轮的结构设计 ............................................................................. 11 3.2.1 设计内容及方法 .............................................................................. 11 3.2.2 齿轮的设计 ...................................................................................... 12 3.2.3 齿轮的结构设计 .............................................................................. 14 3.2.4 齿轮的受力分析 .............................................................................. 14 3.3 输出轴齿轮的设计计算 ......................................................................... 16 3.3.1 齿轮的设计 ...................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 齿轮的结构设计 .............................................................................. 18 3.3.3 齿轮的受力分析 .............................................................................. 18 3.4 主轴及组件的设计计算 ......................................................................... 18 3.4.1 主轴组件的设计要求 ...................................................................... 18 3.4.2 主轴及组件的设计与校核 .............................................................. 19 3.4.3 键连接的设计计算 .......................................................................... 23 3.4.4 夹紧装置的设计计算 ...................................................................... 23 3.5 花键轴的设计计算 ................................................................................. 26 3.5.1 花键轴结构设计 .............................................................................. 26 3.5.2 传动齿轮键连接的设计计算 .......................................................... 28 3.6 润滑与密封 ............................................................................................. 29 - 1 -

3.6.1 系统的润滑 ...................................................................................... 29 3.6.2 轴承的密封 ...................................................................................... 29 3.7 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 29 第4章 转位装置的设计计算 .......................................................................... 30 4.1 中心液压缸的设计计算 ......................................................................... 30 4.2 转位齿轮的设计计算 ............................................................................. 31 4.2.1 选择齿轮传动的材料及热处理 ...................................................... 31 4.2.2 确定选择齿轮传动的参数和尺寸 .................................................. 31 4.2.3 验算齿根弯曲应力 .......................................................................... 32 4.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 33 第5章 刀库的设计计算 .................................................................................. 34 5.1 电动机的选择 ......................................................................................... 34 5.2 蜗轮蜗杆的设计计算 ............................................................................. 34 5.2.1 蜗轮蜗杆的计算 .............................................................................. 34 5.2.2 蜗轮、蜗杆承载能力计算 .............................................................. 37 5.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 38 第6章 机械手驱动装置的设计 ...................................................................... 39 6.1 概述 ......................................................................................................... 39 6.2 凸轮联动装置的原理 ............................................................................. 39 6.2.1 基本原理 .......................................................................................... 39 6.2.2 凸轮曲线的设计 .............................................................................. 40 6.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 41 结论 .................................................................................................................... 42 致谢 .................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献 ............................................................................................................ 43 附录A ................................................................................................................ 44 附录B ................................................................................................................ 47

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