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形容词和副词教案

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形容词和副词

考点分布:单项选择考查形容词和副词的词义辨析;完形填空涉及形容词和副词的相关搭配;完成句子考查形容词和副词的常用结构(比较级和最高级相关句型)。

一.形容词和副词的基本用法 1.形容词的作用

(1)作定语,一般置于所修饰的名词之前,放在anything, nobody, something等不定代词后。 Eg. She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。

I have something interesting to tell you. 我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。

(2)作表语,放在系动词be, grow, get , become, feel, appear, prove, seem, look, keep, smell, taste, sound, remain等词之后。

Eg. The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 (3)与定冠词the连用表示一类人或物。

Eg. The rich and the poor live very different lives. 富人和穷人的生活非常不同。 (4)作伴随状语,表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。

Eg. He went to bed, cold and hungry. 他上床睡觉,感觉又冷又饿。

2.副词的作用

(1)副词一般在句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 Eg. He had worked hard all his life.(修饰动词)他一生都努力工作。 He is very diligent.(修饰形容词)他非常勤奋。

You can find books on that subject quite easily.(修饰副词)你能很容易地找到关于那个科目的书。 Luckily she was in when I called.(修饰句子)幸运的是当我打电话的时候她在。 (2)可作表语。

Eg. One of the trees is down. 一棵树倒掉了。 The train is not in yet. 火车还没进站。

(3)表示位置的副词常与动词构成短语,表示特定的意思。

Eg. put down放下、记下 put aside放在一边 put off推迟 put on穿戴、上映 put out熄灭 put up张贴、举起 put forward提出 put through通过 (4)具有两种意义的副词

Free自由地、免费地 freely自由自在地、随便地 close近地 closely紧密地、密切地 Late晚地 lately最近 high高高地 highly高标准地 Just正好 justly公正地 hard努力 hardly几乎不 Dead完全、非常 deadly死一般地 even甚至 evenly平均地

二.形容词和副词的常用结构 1.形容词的等级变形 (1)规则变化 类别 构成方法 一般直接加-er, -est 以不发音的e结尾时加-r, -st 以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i,加-er, -est 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er, -est 原级 long tall late large easy happy big hot 比较级 longer taller later larger easier happier bigger hotter 最高级 longest tallest latest largest easiest happiest biggest hottest 单音节和少数双音节词 多音节和部分双音节词 (2)不规则变化

原级 good/well many/much bad/ill little far old 在原级前加more, most careful beautiful more careful more beautiful most careful most beautiful 比较级 better more worse less farther(较远) further(进一步) older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) 最高级 best most worst least farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的)

2.形容词和副词的原级比较

(1)基本结构:A+谓语+as+ adj./adv+ as+ B 表示“A和B一样??”

否定形式:A+谓语的否定形式+as/so+ adj./adv.+ as +B 表示“A不如B??” Eg. Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is). Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。 The book isn’t so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。

(2)变形结构:A+谓语+as+ adj.+ a/an+ n.+ as+ B 表示“A和B是一样的??”

Eg. Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).

Henry doesn’t have as many books as I do. 亨利的书没有我的多。 (3)貌似原级比较结构的一些习惯用语

as long as只要??;as far as就??而言;as soon as一??就;as well as既??又; as good as(= very nearly)与??几乎一样,几乎,简直 Eg. I will work as long as I live. 只要活着,我就要工作。

He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知识又有经验。

3.形容词和副词的比较级(用于两者之间) (1)基本机构:A+谓语+比较级+than+ B

Eg. Lily’s room is bigger than mine. 莉莉的房间比我的大。

注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one, that, those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。The one代替可数名词单数形式,the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式,that代替不可数名词。

Eg. The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter. 冬天,天津的天气比广州的冷。 (2)用于修饰比较级的词有:much, even, far, rather, a little, a lot等。

Eg. The situation was much more serious than we had thought.. 情况比我们认为的糟得多。 (3)“the+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语”表示“越??就越??”

Eg. The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多,挣的钱就越多。

The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you. 你说的话越多,他就越不注意听你讲。 (4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越??”

Eg. It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气变得越来越暖和。

The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这座城市变得越来越美丽了。 (5)“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两者中较??的一个”

Eg. The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。 (6)more A than B 表示“与其说是B,倒不如说是A”

Eg. John is more diligent than clever. 与其说约翰聪明,不如说他勤奋。 (7)用比较级表示最高级意义。

结构:比较级+than+ any other+单数名词/any of the other+复数名词/any of the others/anyone else/anybody else/anything else/all the others/all the other+复数名词。

Eg. Peter is taller than any other student in his class. Peter比班里任何其他学生都高。 (8)貌似比较级的一些习惯用语

Eg. More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert. 不止一个学生被发了去观看音乐会的票。 He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 他宁愿待在家里,也不愿意去看电影。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(=A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.) 鲸和马都不是鱼。

4.形容词和副词的最高级(用语三者或三者以上之间)

(1)基本机构:A+谓语+the +最高级+比较的范围(in/of短语) Eg. Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。 (2)the +序数词+最高级,表示“第几最??”

Eg. The yellow river is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。

(3)最高级的修饰语常见的由:序数词,by far, nearly, by no means, not really, not quite等。 Eg. The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。

三.(重点掌握)倍数的表达方式(一倍once, 两倍twice, 三倍three times??) (1)“A+谓语+倍数+as+ adj./adv.+ as+ B”表示“A是B的多少倍” Eg. The earth is 49 times as large as the moon. 地球的大小是月球的49倍。 变式:“A+谓语+倍数+as+ adj.+ a/an +n. + as + B”

Eg. I can carry twice as much paper as you can. 我能搬的纸量是你的两倍。 (2)“A+谓语+倍数+the+性质名词(size, height, weight, length, width等)+of +B”

表示“A是B的大小、高度、重量、长度、宽度等的多少倍” Eg. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球大小的49倍。 (3)“A+谓语+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+ B”表示“A比B大、小、长、高等多少倍” Eg. The earth is 48 times larger than the moon. 地球比月球大48倍。 (4)主语+谓语+倍数+what引导的名词性从句

Eg. The factory has been growing rapidly in recent years. This year’s production is five times what it was ten years ago. 这家工厂近些年发展得很快。今年的产量是十年前的五倍。 (5)主语+谓语+倍数+that/those of+?

Eg. The factory has been growing rapidly in recent years. This year’s production is five times that of ten years ago. 这

家工厂近些年发展得很快。今年的产量是十年前的五倍。

Eg.他的收入是她的三倍。 He earns twice more than her.

He earns three times as much as her.

He earns three times the money that she does. The money he earns is three times that of hers. He earns three times what she does.

四.特殊用法 (1)“can’t/couldn’t+比较级”表示“非常,很”或表示一个最高级的概念。 Eg. It can’t be better today. 今天再好不过了。

I can’t agree more with you. 我完全同意你(的看法)。

(2)can’t ?enough/too?表示“再??也不为过” Eg. I can’t thank you enough. 太感谢你了。 (3)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级或肯定的含义。

Eg. He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而牺牲自己生命的爱是最伟大的爱。

总结:学会在单项选择中正确辨析四个形容词的差异;阅读中涉及形容词和副词的特殊结构能正确翻译;学会

选择正确的结构放在对应的完成句子题型中;将一些固定的结构合理运用于作文中,优化句式。

例题分析: 1.(2014湖北,76)No other technological development has had as the growth of electronics

on so many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development.(impact)

没有哪项技术的发展像电子技术这样,对我们的社会、经济以及文化等诸多方面产生过如此重要的影响。 分析:“像??这样”及英文中“as”判断为形容词的原级比较结构,即as?as句型,“影响”是名词,故用结

构A+谓语+as+ adj.+ a/an+ n.+ as+ B 答案:as great an impact

2.(2012湖北,79)Our understanding of education, work and society is of the earlier

generation.(different)

我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和我们上一代人的不同。 分析:“和??不同”为different from sth, 比较对象是我们的认识和上一代人的认识,重复上文的

understanding,故用that代替 答案:different from that

3.(2014湖北重点中学二月联考,79)Because the wireless network is widely applied, the users surfing the

Internet by cellphones are about those by computers.(as)

由于无线网络的广泛应用,现在使用手机上网的用户大约是使用电脑上网的用户的两倍。 分析:此题涉及倍数,并给出提示词as,故用倍数的表达方式的as?as结构 答案:twice as many as 4.(2013湖北八市三月调考,72)The more often you seize opportunities to talk to the foreigners, when speaking a foreign language.(confident)

你越经常地抓住机会和老外交谈,说外语时你就越自信。 分析:此题用“越??就越??”结构 答案:the more confident you will be/feel

5.(2013湖北黄冈质量检测,79)China has released over 5 billion cubic meters of water from the Yellow River,

the country’s , to ease drought that started to hit most of North Chinese.(long) 为了缓解开始袭击华北大部分地区的旱情,中国已经从黄河这条全国第二长河中排放了超过50亿立方米的

水。

分析:此句为the +序数词+最高级,表示“第几最??” 答案:second longest river

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