2016考研英语一真题及答案解析

凯程考研，中国最权威的考研辅导班goodcausesithelps。Andthird，throughamorediffuse“haloeffect，”wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers。PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree。AlrecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica’sForeignCorruptPracticesAct（FCPA）。Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany’sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations，theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect。Thestudyfoundthat，amongprosecutedfirms，thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties，。Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm’spoliticalinfluence，ratherthantheirCSRstand，thataccountedfortheleniency：Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines。Inall，thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits，theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR。“Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsc第21页共45页凯程考研，中国最权威的考研辅导班oncern，suchaschildlabour，orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials”，saysoneresearcher。ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR。Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect，ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits，whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies。Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw，evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemlesscostlypunishment。31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith[A]tolerance。[B]skepticism。[C]uncertainty。[D]approval。32.AccordingtoParagraph2，CSRhelpsacompanyby[A]winningtrustfromconsumers。[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices。第22页共45页凯程考研，中国最权威的考研辅导班[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed。[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts。33。Theexpression“morelenient”（line2，para.4）isclosestinmeaningto[A]moreeffective[B]lesscontroversial[C]lesssevere[D]morelasting34。Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase，acompany’sCSRregard[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR，accordingtothelastparagraph？[A]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked。[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown。[C]Companies’financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated。第23页共45页凯程考研，中国最权威的考研辅导班[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry。31答案BSkepticism解析：作者观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面MiltonFriedman的说法是什么态度。根据大写MiltonFriedman这个人定位到定位到首段首句。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到后一句but转折处。转折处的主题句式“thingsmaynotabsolutelyclear-cut”，作者持的是否定态度，选择答案B。C选项是作者态度不明确，不能选择。32答案Awinningtrustfromconsumers解析：根据题干找到第二段。根据第二段内容，CSRcouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessinthreeways。从而定位下面三点。First后面出现了highquality，但是它是在从句中，从句修饰“signal”，而本句谓语动词是take，与D中raising并不是同义词，故排除。Second，和third都与消费者购买心态有关，和A选项winningtrustfromconsumers相对应。而B，C选项的malpractices和defamed在原文中并未出现，且没有同义词，故排除。33答案Clesssevere解析：根据题干找到第四段对应处。可见题干的morelenient是作为修饰penalties（惩罚）的，故推测本句在讨论CSR和penalties有什么联系。而本段与惩罚相关的词只有最后一个词fines（罚金），修饰它的形容词是lower，故可推测morelenient与降低惩罚有关，只有C选项满足。34答案Ahasanimpactontheirdecision第24页共45页凯程考研，中国最权威的考研辅导班解析：题干中问的是CSRrecord与prosecutorsevaluateacase的关系，根据题干内容到对应点：第五段第一句。本句说，。。。theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany‘srecoreinCSR。这里的beinfluenced与A选项hasanimpact对应，故选A。而B选项中的reliableevidence，C选项中的thechanceofbeingpenalized在原文中没有体现。D选项中的investigation与题干中的Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase明显对应不上，故不予考虑。35答案BThenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown解析：该题是一道判断题，题干问的是有关CSR哪个是对的。先根据CSR回到最后一段，定位到末段首句。首句提到“研究人员承认到其研究没有回答如下问题：公司应该在CSR方面花费多少钱”。选项B的意思是公司在其方面的花费是未知的，属于原文的同义替换。Text4TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint。Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate。“Sometimeinthefuture”，thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010。Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside，there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint。Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses，deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive；it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints。Readersaremigratingawayfromprintaway。Andthoughprintad第25页共45页