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Section Ⅲ Grammar——动词不定式和动
名词
语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 1.Sometimes，other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study，but we like it 1.例句1中动词不定式that way. 2.I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. 3.I begged her not to tell anyone else，and she said she would keep my secret. 4.My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me. too，but I dislike seeing our team lose. 在句中作宾语。 2.例句2中动词不定式在句中作状语。 3.例句3中动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。 4.例句4、5中动名词后自主感悟 5.I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks 在句中作宾语。 Ⅰ.动词不定式
一、动词不定式的形式、意义和语态
带to的动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态。下表以do为例，说明了不定式的形式、语态及具体用法。
形式 意义 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动to be doing to have done to do to be done 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 to have www.ks5u.com 版权所有@高考资源网
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作之前 完成进行式 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前且一直进行着 to have been doing been done He promised to give me a helping hand.(give在promised之后发生) 他答应帮助我。
We hoped to have finished the work earlier.(finish这一动作发生在hoped之前) 我们本希望早点儿完成这项工作。
He pretended to be sleeping when I went in.(sleep在pretended发生的时候，正在进行)
我进去时，他假装正在睡觉。
The book to be published soon is very interesting.(The book是publish的承受者) 即将出版的这本书很有趣。
She is known to have been dealing with the problem for many years.(deal这一动作发生在is known之前且一直进行着)
大家知道她很多年都在处理这个难题。 [即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①Don't wait for him.He is said to have gone(go) to Shanghai.
②You are supposed to be sleeping(sleep)now.Why are you still in the office? ③In order to be chosen(choose)in the first round，the girl made careful preparations for the singing competition.
二、动词不定式的句法功能 1．不定式作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
To be here with all of you is a pleasure for me. 与你们所有人在这儿，我很高兴。 It is important to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很重要。
How to make requests politely is important.
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如何有礼貌地提出请求很重要。 [即时训练2] 句型转换/完成句子 ①To give up smoking is right. →It is right to give up smoking. ②做早操有利于我们的健康。
To do morning exercises is useful for our health. ③对我们来说，很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 2．不定式作宾语
不定式可以放在及物动词或及物动词短语的后面作宾语。下面的口诀可以帮助你记忆常见的这类动词：
三个希望(hope，wish，want)两答应(agree，promise)；两个要求(demand，ask)莫拒绝(refuse)；设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide)；不要假装(pretend)在选择(choose)。
I hope to have my own bike. 我希望有辆我自己的自行车。
My father came down and demanded to know what was going on. 我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。 [名师点津]
如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。常用it作形式宾语的动词有：believe，consider，feel，find，know，make等。
I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天内完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 [即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①I decided to go(go)to the countryside on vacation. ②I think it unnecessary to argue with him about it.
③Would you like to go(go)with me or would you rather stay (stay) at home? 3．不定式作宾语补足语
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常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，beg，cause，help，force，allow，permit，advise，order，get，want，wish，tell等。有时，作宾语补足语的不定式用于被动语态中时也可称为主语补足语。
He asked me to do the work with him.(宾补) 他要我与他一起工作。
The doctor warned you not to eat too much meat.(宾补) 医生告诫你不要吃太多的肉。
Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(主补)
乘客只被允许携带一件行李登机。 [名师点津]
在think，consider，suppose，believe，imagine，prove，find等动词后常用“to be＋表语”结构作宾语补足语。此时to be常省略。
Imagine yourself(to be)in his place. 设想你处于他的位置。 [即时训练4] 完成句子 ①他父母允许他在假期看电视。
His parents allow him to watch TV during holidays. ②法律要求父母送子女上学。
The law ordered parents to send their children to school. ③他们认为他是诚实的。 They believe him(to be) honest． 4．不定式作表语
动词不定式放在be，seem，remain等动词的后面作表语，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。
His job is to teach English. 他的工作是教英语。
The problems remain to be unsettled. 问题还没有解决。 [即时训练5] 完成句子
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①现在我们有聊天室，能发短信、电子邮件等等，但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的艺术。
Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，e-mailing and so on，but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face to face. ②下一步要确保你确切知道需要的是什么。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what it requires. 5．不定式作定语
不定式作定语要注意以下几点： (1)放在被修饰词的后面； (2)在时间上表示将来；
(3)不定式所修饰的名词是不定式所表示动作的承受者；
(4)当名词被序数词及next，last，only等词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语； (5)被修饰词是抽象名词如ability，desire，chance等时，也常用不定式作后置定语。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一位在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。 I have a chance to go sightseeing to America. 我有一个去美国观光的机会。 [名师点津]
如果不定式由不及物动词构成，那么不定式后面要加上相应的介词。 Pass me a piece of paper to write on，please. 请递给我一张可以写字的纸。 [即时训练6] 单句语法填空
①The decision to be made(make)at the afternoon meeting will influence the future of our company.
②She was the best woman to do(do)the job.
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