初中英语语法汇总

初中英语语法汇总

一、词类

(一）名词（nouns)

名词分为专有名词和普通名词。

专有名词指个别人、事物、地点等专有名称的词，第一个字母要大写。Eg: Monday, Christmas

普通名词分为可数和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数两种形式。

1、名词复数的变化规则： 规则变化:

（1）.在词尾后+“s” eg: desks, days

（2）.以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾，后+“es”, eg: buses, boxes, watches, wishes （3）.以辅音字母+“y”结尾，变y为i+es, eg: babies, families （4）.以f 或fe结尾的，变f或fe为v+es, eg: leaves, lives,wives （5）. 以O结尾的，+es:（英雄吃土豆西红柿）eg: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes 或+s: eg: photos, radios

不规则：

（1）.变形 eg: foot—feet child—children mouse—mice man—men

（2）.单复数同行 eg: a ship—two ship a deer—two deer yuan(圆)、jiao(角）、 fen(分）、jin(斤）

以ese或ss结尾的民族名称 eg：a Chinese —two Chinese a Swiss—two Swiss

（3）.只有复数形式 eg: trousers, glasses, pants, thanks,clothes

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2、名称的所有格（······的，属于······的）

（1）.表示人的名词，在后面+s, eg: my brother’s, Mary’s

复数名词所有格直接+’ eg: the workers’club

如果一样东西为两人共有，只在后一个名词+s; 如果不是共有的，两个名称要分别+s, eg：Jane and Mary’s mother(共有，两个人的妈妈是同一人） Jane’s and Mary’s mother(不共有，各自的妈妈）

在人名，职业名称后+’s 表示，某人家，店铺 eg: at Mr.Green’s(在格林家） at the barbers(在理发店）

（2）. 表示物的名词用of+名词 的结构， eg： the gate of the school （3）.时间、国家、团体、城市、机构后+’s ,eg: today’s newspaper, 10minuutes’walk, China’s development

3、主谓一致

（1）、主语中心词原则（按中心词的意义决定单复数）

不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词，即使有and连接成多个主语，它强调的仍是个体，谓语动词用单数形式。

Eg: Each boy and each girl wants to volunteer in future. ·This kind of men is dangerous.(强调这一种，动词用单数)

Men of this kind are dangerous.（强调这一类的人们，动词用单数） ·All of my classmates work hard.

All of the water is gone.

About three—fourths of the earth’s surface is coverd with water. Three—fifths of the workers here are women.

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(不管数量再多，它们都只是修饰名词，名词仍是中心词，动词的单复数由名词决定)

·The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.(女孩的老师和朋

友为一个人，用单数)

·A number of students have gone to help farmers.(a number of:许多

=a lot of)

The number of the students is 55.(the number of:······的数量，是

一个数，看成一个整体)

·What we need is more time.(需要的东西是time,不可数，动词用单数) What we need are doctors.(需要的东西是doctors,可数，动词用复数) （2）集体名词

·family, team, population, a group(crowd) of+复数名词，等作主语时，

如果作为一个整体看待，谓动用单数；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓动用复数.

Eg: His family is going for vacation tomorrow but now the whole family

are watching TV.

The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of the

population in China are farmers.

(3)表示距离、度量、时间、金额、书名等复数名词应看成一个整体，谓动用单

数。

Eg: Three years has passed.

Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.

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(4)就近原则

以there be 句型，or, either?or,neither?nor, not only?but also等连接的名词作主语，谓动的单复数与就近的名词一致。 Eg: There is a book and 3 pens on the desk. Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Neither they nor she knows anything about it. （5）主要主语原则

当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, with, together,with, but, except, besides, including, 等引导的词组，其谓动的单复数按主语的单复数而定。 Eg: The teacher as well as the students was excided. The room with its furniture was rentd.

名词专项练习

一、 用所给词的正确形式填空

1、 There are some________ (child) playing outside and some______ (baby)

sleeping in the room.

2、 In these ________(photo), we can see many ________(sheep) and

_______(fish) of all kinds.

3、 These________(woman) teachers will teach those_________(German).

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